Biological fixation — Cropland nitrogen per unit area in Benin
Benin: Biological fixation — Cropland nitrogen per unit area was 21.15 kg/ha in 2023. ▲ Rising
Biological fixation — Cropland nitrogen per unit area in Benin, 1961–2023
Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Measured in kg/ha.
Analysis
In 2023, biological fixation — cropland nitrogen per unit area in Benin stood at 21.15 kg/ha. That is the highest value across all 63 years on record.
Compared with earlier readings it is up 52.5% on the previous year and up 115.5% over ten years.
Over the whole period, biological fixation — cropland nitrogen per unit area in Benin peaked at 21.15 kg/ha in 2023 and was at its lowest, 4.09 kg/ha, in 1983.
Benin ranks 23rd of 176 countries on this measure, in the top quarter.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 63 years of available data.
Biological fixation — Cropland nitrogen per unit area in Benin, year by year
| Year | kg/ha | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1961 | 8.19 kg/ha | — |
| 1962 | 7.64 kg/ha | -6.8% |
| 1963 | 7.47 kg/ha | -2.1% |
| 1964 | 5.55 kg/ha | -25.7% |
| 1965 | 6.63 kg/ha | +19.4% |
| 1966 | 6.38 kg/ha | -3.7% |
| 1967 | 7.57 kg/ha | +18.6% |
| 1968 | 7.48 kg/ha | -1.1% |
| 1969 | 6.93 kg/ha | -7.4% |
| 1970 | 6.93 kg/ha | +0.0% |
| 1971 | 6.17 kg/ha | -10.9% |
| 1972 | 5.75 kg/ha | -6.8% |
| 1973 | 5.3 kg/ha | -7.8% |
| 1974 | 4.47 kg/ha | -15.6% |
| 1975 | 4.23 kg/ha | -5.5% |
| 1976 | 5.66 kg/ha | +33.8% |
| 1977 | 5.83 kg/ha | +3.0% |
| 1978 | 6.33 kg/ha | +8.6% |
| 1979 | 6.58 kg/ha | +3.9% |
| 1980 | 5.73 kg/ha | -12.9% |
| 1981 | 5.39 kg/ha | -6.0% |
| 1982 | 4.28 kg/ha | -20.4% |
| 1983 | 4.09 kg/ha | -4.6% |
| 1984 | 5.59 kg/ha | +36.8% |
| 1985 | 5.88 kg/ha | +5.2% |
| 1986 | 5.95 kg/ha | +1.2% |
| 1987 | 5.52 kg/ha | -7.2% |
| 1988 | 6.48 kg/ha | +17.5% |
| 1989 | 6.52 kg/ha | +0.7% |
| 1990 | 6.42 kg/ha | -1.6% |
| 1991 | 7.06 kg/ha | +10.0% |
| 1992 | 6.98 kg/ha | -1.2% |
| 1993 | 6.73 kg/ha | -3.5% |
| 1994 | 6.86 kg/ha | +1.9% |
| 1995 | 7.5 kg/ha | +9.3% |
| 1996 | 6.22 kg/ha | -17.1% |
| 1997 | 6.62 kg/ha | +6.5% |
| 1998 | 6.36 kg/ha | -4.0% |
| 1999 | 6.41 kg/ha | +0.8% |
| 2000 | 7.06 kg/ha | +10.1% |
| 2001 | 6.93 kg/ha | -1.9% |
| 2002 | 7.29 kg/ha | +5.3% |
| 2003 | 7.03 kg/ha | -3.6% |
| 2004 | 7.68 kg/ha | +9.3% |
| 2005 | 7.37 kg/ha | -4.1% |
| 2006 | 6.31 kg/ha | -14.4% |
| 2007 | 8.29 kg/ha | +31.4% |
| 2008 | 8.49 kg/ha | +2.4% |
| 2009 | 8.65 kg/ha | +1.9% |
| 2010 | 10.76 kg/ha | +24.4% |
| 2011 | 9.27 kg/ha | -13.9% |
| 2012 | 9.25 kg/ha | -0.2% |
| 2013 | 9.81 kg/ha | +6.1% |
| 2014 | 10.02 kg/ha | +2.1% |
| 2015 | 11.08 kg/ha | +10.6% |
| 2016 | 12.2 kg/ha | +10.0% |
| 2017 | 11.89 kg/ha | -2.5% |
| 2018 | 14.51 kg/ha | +22.0% |
| 2019 | 12.75 kg/ha | -12.1% |
| 2020 | 13.56 kg/ha | +6.4% |
| 2021 | 13.97 kg/ha | +3.0% |
| 2022 | 13.87 kg/ha | -0.8% |
| 2023 | 21.15 kg/ha | +52.5% |
Benin compared with similar countries
- Benin's 21.15 kg/ha is above the median for lower middle income countries, which is 10.24 kg/ha, 2.1× the median. (38 countries reporting)
- Benin's 21.15 kg/ha is above the median for Sub-Saharan Africa, which is 12.23 kg/ha, 1.7× the median. (40 countries reporting)
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1960s | 7.09 kg/ha | 5.55 kg/ha | 8.19 kg/ha | 9 |
| 1970s | 5.72 kg/ha | 4.23 kg/ha | 6.93 kg/ha | 10 |
| 1980s | 5.54 kg/ha | 4.09 kg/ha | 6.52 kg/ha | 10 |
| 1990s | 6.72 kg/ha | 6.22 kg/ha | 7.5 kg/ha | 10 |
| 2000s | 7.51 kg/ha | 6.31 kg/ha | 8.65 kg/ha | 10 |
| 2010s | 11.15 kg/ha | 9.25 kg/ha | 14.51 kg/ha | 10 |
| 2020s | 15.64 kg/ha | 13.56 kg/ha | 21.15 kg/ha | 4 |
Countries ranked near Benin
More environment data for Benin
- Historical exposure to drought — Land soil moisture anomaly -9.6 Percentage change (2025)
- Historical exposure to drought — Cropland soil moisture anomaly -10.11 Percentage change (2025)
- Standard Deviation, annual growth rate 0 % change on previous year (2025)
- Standard Deviation 0.268 °C (2025)
- Temperature change 1.29 °C (2025)
- Wood-based panels — Production, annual growth rate 0 % change on previous year (2024)
- Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (Mt CO2e), annual 2.38 % change on previous year (2024)
- Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (Mt CO2e), per unit 0 Mt CO2e per US$ of GDP (2024)
- Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (Mt CO2e), per capita 0 Mt CO2e per person (2024)
- Methane (CH4) emissions from Agriculture (Mt CO2e), annual growth rate 2.92 % change on previous year (2024)
Frequently asked questions
- What is biological fixation — cropland nitrogen per unit area in Benin?
- Biological fixation — cropland nitrogen per unit area in Benin was 21.15 kg/ha in 2023, according to Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
- What is the highest biological fixation — cropland nitrogen per unit area recorded in Benin?
- The highest recorded value was 21.15 kg/ha in 2023.
- What is the lowest biological fixation — cropland nitrogen per unit area recorded in Benin?
- The lowest recorded value was 4.09 kg/ha in 1983.
- How does Benin rank for biological fixation — cropland nitrogen per unit area?
- Benin ranks 23rd out of 176 countries with data for 2023.
- Is biological fixation — cropland nitrogen per unit area rising or falling in Benin?
- Over the last ten years it is up 115.5%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this Benin data come from?
- The figures come from Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, published as part of Biological fixation — Cropland nitrogen per unit area. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 63 observations, free to reuse under CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO (FAO).
About this data
The Cropland Nutrient balance domain contains information on the flows of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium from mineral fertilizer, manure applied, atmospheric deposition, crop removal, and biological fixation over cropland and per unit area of cropland. The flows are aggregated to total inputs and total outputs, from which the overall nutrient balance and nutrient use efficiency on cropland are calculated. Statistics are disseminated in units of tonnes and in kg/ha, as appropriate. Nutrient use efficiency is expressed as a fraction (%).