Biological fixation — Cropland nitrogen per unit area in India
India: Biological fixation — Cropland nitrogen per unit area was 34.46 kg/ha in 2023. ▲ Rising
Biological fixation — Cropland nitrogen per unit area in India, 1961–2023
Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Measured in kg/ha.
Analysis
India recorded 34.46 kg/ha for biological fixation — cropland nitrogen per unit area in 2023.
That represents a change of down 1.2% on the previous year and up 18.0% over ten years.
Over the whole period, biological fixation — cropland nitrogen per unit area in India peaked at 34.87 kg/ha in 2022 and was at its lowest, 15.6 kg/ha, in 1967.
India ranks 10th of 176 countries on this measure, in the top 10%.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 63 years of available data.
Biological fixation — Cropland nitrogen per unit area in India, year by year
| Year | kg/ha | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1961 | 17.49 kg/ha | — |
| 1962 | 16.94 kg/ha | -3.2% |
| 1963 | 16.91 kg/ha | -0.2% |
| 1964 | 16.75 kg/ha | -0.9% |
| 1965 | 17.18 kg/ha | +2.5% |
| 1966 | 15.95 kg/ha | -7.2% |
| 1967 | 15.6 kg/ha | -2.2% |
| 1968 | 16.75 kg/ha | +7.4% |
| 1969 | 16.37 kg/ha | -2.2% |
| 1970 | 17.32 kg/ha | +5.8% |
| 1971 | 17.26 kg/ha | -0.3% |
| 1972 | 16.02 kg/ha | -7.2% |
| 1973 | 16.54 kg/ha | +3.3% |
| 1974 | 15.87 kg/ha | -4.1% |
| 1975 | 16.92 kg/ha | +6.6% |
| 1976 | 17.48 kg/ha | +3.3% |
| 1977 | 17.32 kg/ha | -0.9% |
| 1978 | 17.68 kg/ha | +2.1% |
| 1979 | 17.32 kg/ha | -2.0% |
| 1980 | 16.05 kg/ha | -7.3% |
| 1981 | 17.42 kg/ha | +8.6% |
| 1982 | 17.17 kg/ha | -1.4% |
| 1983 | 18.48 kg/ha | +7.6% |
| 1984 | 18.64 kg/ha | +0.9% |
| 1985 | 18.07 kg/ha | -3.1% |
| 1986 | 18.79 kg/ha | +4.0% |
| 1987 | 17.66 kg/ha | -6.0% |
| 1988 | 19.61 kg/ha | +11.0% |
| 1989 | 20.57 kg/ha | +4.9% |
| 1990 | 20.43 kg/ha | -0.7% |
| 1991 | 21.21 kg/ha | +3.8% |
| 1992 | 20.65 kg/ha | -2.6% |
| 1993 | 21.47 kg/ha | +4.0% |
| 1994 | 21.61 kg/ha | +0.6% |
| 1995 | 22.51 kg/ha | +4.2% |
| 1996 | 22.59 kg/ha | +0.3% |
| 1997 | 23.15 kg/ha | +2.5% |
| 1998 | 23.52 kg/ha | +1.6% |
| 1999 | 23.5 kg/ha | -0.1% |
| 2000 | 22.33 kg/ha | -5.0% |
| 2001 | 21.81 kg/ha | -2.3% |
| 2002 | 20.49 kg/ha | -6.1% |
| 2003 | 22.59 kg/ha | +10.3% |
| 2004 | 22.96 kg/ha | +1.6% |
| 2005 | 23.76 kg/ha | +3.5% |
| 2006 | 23.71 kg/ha | -0.2% |
| 2007 | 26.21 kg/ha | +10.5% |
| 2008 | 25.69 kg/ha | -2.0% |
| 2009 | 24.21 kg/ha | -5.8% |
| 2010 | 27.26 kg/ha | +12.6% |
| 2011 | 27.86 kg/ha | +2.2% |
| 2012 | 27.36 kg/ha | -1.8% |
| 2013 | 29.21 kg/ha | +6.7% |
| 2014 | 28.45 kg/ha | -2.6% |
| 2015 | 26.43 kg/ha | -7.1% |
| 2016 | 28.48 kg/ha | +7.7% |
| 2017 | 31.89 kg/ha | +12.0% |
| 2018 | 31.62 kg/ha | -0.8% |
| 2019 | 30.01 kg/ha | -5.1% |
| 2020 | 31.75 kg/ha | +5.8% |
| 2021 | 34.04 kg/ha | +7.2% |
| 2022 | 34.87 kg/ha | +2.4% |
| 2023 | 34.46 kg/ha | -1.2% |
India compared with similar countries
- India's 34.46 kg/ha is above the median for lower middle income countries, which is 10.24 kg/ha, 3.4× the median. (38 countries reporting)
- India's 34.46 kg/ha is above the median for South Asia, which is 23.53 kg/ha, 1.5× the median. (6 countries reporting)
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1960s | 16.66 kg/ha | 15.6 kg/ha | 17.49 kg/ha | 9 |
| 1970s | 16.97 kg/ha | 15.87 kg/ha | 17.68 kg/ha | 10 |
| 1980s | 18.24 kg/ha | 16.05 kg/ha | 20.57 kg/ha | 10 |
| 1990s | 22.06 kg/ha | 20.43 kg/ha | 23.52 kg/ha | 10 |
| 2000s | 23.38 kg/ha | 20.49 kg/ha | 26.21 kg/ha | 10 |
| 2010s | 28.86 kg/ha | 26.43 kg/ha | 31.89 kg/ha | 10 |
| 2020s | 33.78 kg/ha | 31.75 kg/ha | 34.87 kg/ha | 4 |
Countries ranked near India
- 7 Bangladesh 40.53 kg/ha compare
- 7 United Republic of Tanzania 13.42 kg/ha compare
- 8 Cabo Verde 17.51 kg/ha compare
- 8 Guyana 36.2 kg/ha compare
- 9 Malawi 35.84 kg/ha compare
- 10 Democratic Republic of the Congo 7 kg/ha compare
- 11 Nepal 34.43 kg/ha compare
- 11 Türkiye 4.49 kg/ha compare
- 12 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 4.02 kg/ha compare
- 12 Senegal 33.26 kg/ha compare
- 13 Burundi 32.58 kg/ha compare
- 13 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 3.43 kg/ha compare
More environment data for India
- Historical exposure to drought — Land soil moisture anomaly 11.05 Percentage change (2025)
- Historical exposure to drought — Cropland soil moisture anomaly 12.52 Percentage change (2025)
- Standard Deviation, annual growth rate 0 % change on previous year (2025)
- Standard Deviation 0.254 °C (2025)
- Temperature change 0.954 °C (2025)
- Wood-based panels — Production, annual growth rate 17.18 % change on previous year (2024)
- Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (Mt CO2e), annual 3.92 % change on previous year (2024)
- Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (Mt CO2e), per unit 0 Mt CO2e per US$ of GDP (2024)
- Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (Mt CO2e), per capita 0 Mt CO2e per person (2024)
- Methane (CH4) emissions from Agriculture (Mt CO2e), annual growth rate 1.12 % change on previous year (2024)
Frequently asked questions
- What is biological fixation — cropland nitrogen per unit area in India?
- Biological fixation — cropland nitrogen per unit area in India was 34.46 kg/ha in 2023, according to Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
- What is the highest biological fixation — cropland nitrogen per unit area recorded in India?
- The highest recorded value was 34.87 kg/ha in 2022.
- What is the lowest biological fixation — cropland nitrogen per unit area recorded in India?
- The lowest recorded value was 15.6 kg/ha in 1967.
- How does India rank for biological fixation — cropland nitrogen per unit area?
- India ranks 10th out of 176 countries with data for 2023.
- Is biological fixation — cropland nitrogen per unit area rising or falling in India?
- Over the last ten years it is up 18.0%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this India data come from?
- The figures come from Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, published as part of Biological fixation — Cropland nitrogen per unit area. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
The Cropland Nutrient balance domain contains information on the flows of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium from mineral fertilizer, manure applied, atmospheric deposition, crop removal, and biological fixation over cropland and per unit area of cropland. The flows are aggregated to total inputs and total outputs, from which the overall nutrient balance and nutrient use efficiency on cropland are calculated. Statistics are disseminated in units of tonnes and in kg/ha, as appropriate. Nutrient use efficiency is expressed as a fraction (%).