Historical exposure to drought — Cropland soil moisture anomaly in Spain
Spain: Historical exposure to drought — Cropland soil moisture anomaly was -1.4 Percentage change in 2025. ◆ Volatile
Historical exposure to drought — Cropland soil moisture anomaly in Spain, 1950–2025
Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Measured in Percentage change.
Analysis
In 2025, historical exposure to drought — cropland soil moisture anomaly in Spain stood at -1.4 Percentage change.
Compared with earlier readings it is down 152.1% on the previous year and up 60.5% over ten years.
Over the whole period, historical exposure to drought — cropland soil moisture anomaly in Spain peaked at 21.46 Percentage change in 1972 and was at its lowest, -14.12 Percentage change, in 1995.
Spain ranks 63rd of 168 countries on this measure, in the middle of the range.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Historical exposure to drought — Cropland soil moisture anomaly in Spain, year by year
| Year | Percentage change | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1950 | -7.1 Percentage change | — |
| 1951 | 3.22 Percentage change | -145.3% |
| 1952 | 8.74 Percentage change | +171.8% |
| 1953 | -5.99 Percentage change | -168.5% |
| 1954 | -6.01 Percentage change | +0.3% |
| 1955 | -0.798 Percentage change | -86.7% |
| 1956 | 6.11 Percentage change | -866.3% |
| 1957 | -1.74 Percentage change | -128.5% |
| 1958 | -0.4991 Percentage change | -71.4% |
| 1959 | 9.05 Percentage change | -1913.9% |
| 1960 | 9.3 Percentage change | +2.7% |
| 1961 | 9.14 Percentage change | -1.6% |
| 1962 | 7.74 Percentage change | -15.4% |
| 1963 | 7.97 Percentage change | +3.0% |
| 1964 | 2.84 Percentage change | -64.3% |
| 1965 | 5.54 Percentage change | +95.1% |
| 1966 | 2.96 Percentage change | -46.6% |
| 1967 | -4.08 Percentage change | -237.8% |
| 1968 | 5.18 Percentage change | -226.9% |
| 1969 | 15.78 Percentage change | +204.9% |
| 1970 | -5.02 Percentage change | -131.8% |
| 1971 | 12.98 Percentage change | -358.5% |
| 1972 | 21.46 Percentage change | +65.3% |
| 1973 | 2.02 Percentage change | -90.6% |
| 1974 | 4.64 Percentage change | +129.3% |
| 1975 | 0.8716 Percentage change | -81.2% |
| 1976 | 6.84 Percentage change | +684.9% |
| 1977 | 12.21 Percentage change | +78.5% |
| 1978 | 2.45 Percentage change | -79.9% |
| 1979 | 6.42 Percentage change | +161.4% |
| 1980 | 1.67 Percentage change | -74.0% |
| 1981 | -8.49 Percentage change | -608.4% |
| 1982 | 6.28 Percentage change | -174.0% |
| 1983 | -1.3 Percentage change | -120.7% |
| 1984 | 10.64 Percentage change | -918.1% |
| 1985 | -3.37 Percentage change | -131.6% |
| 1986 | 3.12 Percentage change | -192.6% |
| 1987 | 3.96 Percentage change | +27.1% |
| 1988 | 5.22 Percentage change | +31.7% |
| 1989 | 2 Percentage change | -61.6% |
| 1990 | 2.63 Percentage change | +30.9% |
| 1991 | 3.41 Percentage change | +30.0% |
| 1992 | -0.7624 Percentage change | -122.3% |
| 1993 | 2.91 Percentage change | -481.4% |
| 1994 | -9.2 Percentage change | -416.2% |
| 1995 | -14.12 Percentage change | +53.5% |
| 1996 | 2.51 Percentage change | -117.7% |
| 1997 | 4.62 Percentage change | +84.5% |
| 1998 | 3.6 Percentage change | -22.1% |
| 1999 | -0.3974 Percentage change | -111.0% |
| 2000 | -4.83 Percentage change | +1115.1% |
| 2001 | -2.5 Percentage change | -48.1% |
| 2002 | -7 Percentage change | +179.4% |
| 2003 | 13.13 Percentage change | -287.7% |
| 2004 | 2.49 Percentage change | -81.0% |
| 2005 | -13.75 Percentage change | -651.2% |
| 2006 | -2.1 Percentage change | -84.7% |
| 2007 | 1.73 Percentage change | -182.5% |
| 2008 | 0.6354 Percentage change | -63.3% |
| 2009 | -6.53 Percentage change | -1128.1% |
| 2010 | 5.45 Percentage change | -183.4% |
| 2011 | 1.32 Percentage change | -75.8% |
| 2012 | -6.84 Percentage change | -618.4% |
| 2013 | 7.7 Percentage change | -212.5% |
| 2014 | 1.42 Percentage change | -81.6% |
| 2015 | -3.54 Percentage change | -349.1% |
| 2016 | -5.58 Percentage change | +57.6% |
| 2017 | -5.29 Percentage change | -5.1% |
| 2018 | 8 Percentage change | -251.2% |
| 2019 | -10.3 Percentage change | -228.7% |
| 2020 | -0.2389 Percentage change | -97.7% |
| 2021 | 2.27 Percentage change | -1048.8% |
| 2022 | -5.21 Percentage change | -329.7% |
| 2023 | -8.6 Percentage change | +65.1% |
| 2024 | 2.68 Percentage change | -131.2% |
| 2025 | -1.4 Percentage change | -152.1% |
Spain compared with similar countries
- Spain's -1.4 Percentage change is above the median for high income countries, which is -2.55 Percentage change, 55% of the median. (55 countries reporting)
- Spain's -1.4 Percentage change is above the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is -2.67 Percentage change, 52% of the median. (43 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Historical exposure to drought — Cropland soil moisture anomaly in Spain changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1959 | +1913.9% | -0.4991 Percentage change | 9.05 Percentage change |
| 2009 | -1128.1% | 0.6354 Percentage change | -6.53 Percentage change |
| 2000 | -1115.1% | -0.3974 Percentage change | -4.83 Percentage change |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950s | 0.4985 Percentage change | -7.1 Percentage change | 9.05 Percentage change | 10 |
| 1960s | 6.24 Percentage change | -4.08 Percentage change | 15.78 Percentage change | 10 |
| 1970s | 6.49 Percentage change | -5.02 Percentage change | 21.46 Percentage change | 10 |
| 1980s | 1.97 Percentage change | -8.49 Percentage change | 10.64 Percentage change | 10 |
| 1990s | -0.4795 Percentage change | -14.12 Percentage change | 4.62 Percentage change | 10 |
| 2000s | -1.87 Percentage change | -13.75 Percentage change | 13.13 Percentage change | 10 |
| 2010s | -0.7664 Percentage change | -10.3 Percentage change | 8 Percentage change | 10 |
| 2020s | -1.75 Percentage change | -8.6 Percentage change | 2.68 Percentage change | 6 |
Countries ranked near Spain
- 60 Malta -1.15 Percentage change compare
- 61 Andorra -1.18 Percentage change compare
- 61 Moldova -10.28 Percentage change compare
- 62 Trinidad and Tobago -1.36 Percentage change compare
- 64 Laos -1.51 Percentage change compare
- 65 Bulgaria -1.52 Percentage change compare
- 66 Kosovo -1.78 Percentage change compare
More environment data for Spain
- Historical exposure to drought — Land soil moisture anomaly -1.67 Percentage change (2025)
- Standard Deviation, annual growth rate 0 % change on previous year (2025)
- Standard Deviation 0.402 °C (2025)
- Temperature change 2.3 °C (2025)
- Wood-based panels — Production, annual growth rate 10.36 % change on previous year (2024)
- Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (Mt CO2e), annual -0.4277 % change on previous year (2024)
- Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (Mt CO2e), per unit 0 Mt CO2e per US$ of GDP (2024)
- Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (Mt CO2e), per capita 0 Mt CO2e per person (2024)
- Methane (CH4) emissions from Agriculture (Mt CO2e), annual growth rate -0.5136 % change on previous year (2024)
- Methane (CH4) emissions from Agriculture (Mt CO2e), per unit of GDP 0 Mt CO2e per US$ of GDP (2024)
Frequently asked questions
- What is historical exposure to drought — cropland soil moisture anomaly in Spain?
- Historical exposure to drought — cropland soil moisture anomaly in Spain was -1.4 Percentage change in 2025, according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
- What is the highest historical exposure to drought — cropland soil moisture anomaly recorded in Spain?
- The highest recorded value was 21.46 Percentage change in 1972.
- What is the lowest historical exposure to drought — cropland soil moisture anomaly recorded in Spain?
- The lowest recorded value was -14.12 Percentage change in 1995.
- How does Spain rank for historical exposure to drought — cropland soil moisture anomaly?
- Spain ranks 63rd out of 168 countries with data for 2025.
- Is historical exposure to drought — cropland soil moisture anomaly rising or falling in Spain?
- Over the last ten years it is up 60.5%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Spain data come from?
- The figures come from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as part of Historical exposure to drought — Cropland soil moisture anomaly. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
The dataset provides annual anomalies in land and cropland soil moisture content of the top soil layer (0 to 7 cm) compared to the reference period 1981-2010. Exposure indicators to drought have been prepared by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Please see the working paper for a more complete description of the methods. The datasets span the period 1981-2024 and is the result of the use of a variety of geospatial data sources, including the ERA5-Land averaged monthly data of volumetric soil moisture and ESA CCI land cover data. Average anomalies have been calculated for both land and cropland exposure to drought. The dataset has a global coverage on a national level; on the sub-national TL2 level (i.e. large subnational regions) results are reported for all OECD countries as well as for Argentina, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia and South Africa. A number of aggregates are included: Euro area, European Union, Advanced economies, Emerging market economies, G7, G20, OECD, OECD Europe, OECD Asia Oceania, OECD Americas and the LAC region. Data source(s): Copernicus Climate Change Initiative land cover data and Copernicus Climate Data Store monthly soil moisture data based on the ERA5-Land reanalysis dataset. Contact: ENV.Stat@oecd.org