Land surface temperature - Cities and FUAs — Nighttime winter land in Rotterdam
Rotterdam: Land surface temperature - Cities and FUAs — Nighttime winter land was -0.0243 Degrees celsius in 2024. ◆ Volatile
Land surface temperature - Cities and FUAs — Nighttime winter land in Rotterdam, 2018–2024
Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Measured in Degrees celsius.
Analysis
Rotterdam recorded -0.0243 Degrees celsius for land surface temperature - cities and fuas — nighttime winter land in 2024.
That represents a change of down 109.8% on the previous year and up 96.1% over ten years.
That places Rotterdam 740th out of 1386 regions with data for 2024, putting it in the middle of the range.
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2010s | 0.3492 Degrees celsius | -0.6166 Degrees celsius | 1.32 Degrees celsius | 2 |
| 2020s | 0.8865 Degrees celsius | -0.0243 Degrees celsius | 1.88 Degrees celsius | 5 |
More environment data for Rotterdam
- Drought - Cities and FUAs — Land soil moisture anomaly -12.9 Percentage change (2025)
- Greenhouse gas emissions - Cities and FUAs — GHG emissions from waste 0.2 Tonnes of CO2-equivalent (2024)
- Total and environment-related patents - FUAs — Patent applications 116.9 Patents (2022)
- Land surface temperature - Cities and FUAs — Daytime summer land 26.36 Degrees celsius (2024)
- Land surface temperature - Cities and FUAs — Daytime winter land 3.66 Degrees celsius (2024)
- Land surface temperature - Cities and FUAs — Daytime yearly land 17.82 Degrees celsius (2024)
- Land surface temperature - Cities and FUAs — Nighttime summer land 14.8 Degrees celsius (2024)
- Land surface temperature - Cities and FUAs — Nighttime yearly land 7.58 Degrees celsius (2024)
- Air pollution - Cities and FUAs — Population exposure to nitrogen 51.59 Microgrammes per cubic metre (2025)
- Air pollution - Cities and FUAs — Population exposure to ozone 67.15 Microgrammes per cubic metre (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is land surface temperature - cities and fuas — nighttime winter land in Rotterdam?
- Land surface temperature - cities and fuas — nighttime winter land in Rotterdam was -0.0243 Degrees celsius in 2024, according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
- What is the highest land surface temperature - cities and fuas — nighttime winter land recorded in Rotterdam?
- The highest recorded value was 1.88 Degrees celsius in 2022.
- What is the lowest land surface temperature - cities and fuas — nighttime winter land recorded in Rotterdam?
- The lowest recorded value was -0.6166 Degrees celsius in 2018.
- How does Rotterdam rank for land surface temperature - cities and fuas — nighttime winter land?
- Rotterdam ranks 740th out of 1386 regions with data for 2024.
- Is land surface temperature - cities and fuas — nighttime winter land rising or falling in Rotterdam?
- Over the last ten years it is up 96.1%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Rotterdam data come from?
- The figures come from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as part of Land surface temperature - Cities and FUAs — Nighttime winter land surface temperature. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 7 observations, free to reuse under OECD Terms and Conditions (attribution required).
About this data
<p style="text-align: justify;">This dataset provides sub-national indicators on land surface temperature in FUAs and Cities.</p> <h3>Data sources and methodology</h3> <p style="text-align: justify;">Land surface temperature refers to the average temperature of the land surface within a local area, excluding water bodies. Data are available for both daytime and nighttime, as well as annually and by season (summer and winter). These temperatures are derived from MODIS Aqua and Terra satellite observations, which offer high-frequency measurements at a spatial resolution of 1 km.</p> <p align="justify"> These estimates may differ from official subnational climate statistics due to differences in methodological approaches, such as the use of reanalysis based top down modelling versus in situ observations, along with variations in input data sources, spatial resolution, and the models and algorithms used to generate temperature estimates. </p> <h3>Defining FUAs and cities</h3> <p align="justify">The OECD, in cooperation with the EU, has developed a harmonised <a href="https://www.oecd.org/en/data/datasets/oecd-definition-of-cities-and-functional-urban-areas.html">definition of functional urban areas</a> (FUAs) to capture the economic and functional reach of cities based on daily commuting patterns <a href=https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264174108-en>(OECD, 2012)</a>. FUAs consist of: <ol> <li><b>A city</b> – defined by urban centres in the degree of urbanisation, adapted to the closest local administrative units to define a city.</li> <li><b>A commuting zone</b> – including all local areas where at least 15% of employed residents work in the city.</li> </ol> The delineation process includes: <ul> <li>Assigning municipalities surrounded by a single FUA to that FUA.</li> <li>Excluding non-contiguous municipalities.</li> </ul> The definition identifies 1 285 FUAs and 1 402 cities in all OECD member countries except Costa Rica and three accession countries.</p> <h3>Cite this dataset</h3> <p>OECD Regions, cities and local areas database (<a href=http://data-explorer.oecd.org/s/1ve>Land surface temperature - Cities and FUAs</a>), <a href=http://oe.cd/geostats>http://oe.cd/geostats</a></p> <h3>Further information</h3> <ul> <li> <a href=https://localdataportal.oecd.org/>OECD Local Data Portal </a> </li> <li> <a href=https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/oecd-regions-and-cities-at-a-glance-2024_f42db3bf-en.html/>OECD Regions and Cities at a Glance </a> </li> </ul> <p align="justify">For questions and/or comments, please email <a href="mailto:CitiesStat@oecd.org">CitiesStat@oecd.org</a>