Total and environment-related patents - FUAs — Patent applications in Bologna
Bologna: Total and environment-related patents - FUAs — Patent applications was 223.3 Patents in 2022. ▲ Rising
Total and environment-related patents - FUAs — Patent applications in Bologna, 2000–2022
Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Measured in Patents.
Analysis
Bologna recorded 223.3 Patents for total and environment-related patents - fuas — patent applications in 2022. That is the highest value across all 23 years on record.
Compared with earlier readings it is up 1.0% on the previous year and up 84.9% over ten years.
Over the whole period, total and environment-related patents - fuas — patent applications in Bologna peaked at 223.3 Patents in 2022 and was at its lowest, 57.5 Patents, in 2000.
Bologna ranks 76th of 873 regions on this measure, in the top 10%.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 23 years of available data.
Total and environment-related patents - FUAs — Patent applications in Bologna, year by year
| Year | Patents | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 57.5 Patents | — |
| 2001 | 78 Patents | +35.7% |
| 2002 | 88.1 Patents | +12.9% |
| 2003 | 106.7 Patents | +21.1% |
| 2004 | 95.4 Patents | -10.6% |
| 2005 | 108.4 Patents | +13.6% |
| 2006 | 105.2 Patents | -3.0% |
| 2007 | 140.7 Patents | +33.7% |
| 2008 | 170 Patents | +20.8% |
| 2009 | 99.2 Patents | -41.6% |
| 2010 | 97.9 Patents | -1.3% |
| 2011 | 125.3 Patents | +28.0% |
| 2012 | 120.8 Patents | -3.6% |
| 2013 | 126.2 Patents | +4.5% |
| 2014 | 163.8 Patents | +29.8% |
| 2015 | 175.2 Patents | +7.0% |
| 2016 | 193.7 Patents | +10.6% |
| 2017 | 192.9 Patents | -0.4% |
| 2018 | 221.1 Patents | +14.6% |
| 2019 | 180.5 Patents | -18.4% |
| 2020 | 199.7 Patents | +10.6% |
| 2021 | 221.1 Patents | +10.7% |
| 2022 | 223.3 Patents | +1.0% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 104.92 Patents | 57.5 Patents | 170 Patents | 10 |
| 2010s | 159.74 Patents | 97.9 Patents | 221.1 Patents | 10 |
| 2020s | 214.7 Patents | 199.7 Patents | 223.3 Patents | 3 |
More environment data for Bologna
- Drought - Cities and FUAs — Land soil moisture anomaly 6.6 Percentage change (2025)
- Historical exposure to drought — Cropland soil moisture anomaly 7.85 Percentage change (2025)
- Historical exposure to drought — Land soil moisture anomaly 7.65 Percentage change (2025)
- Greenhouse gas emissions - Cities and FUAs — GHG emissions from waste 0.03 Tonnes of CO2-equivalent (2024)
- River flooding exposure — Cropland share exposed to river flooding 5.87 Percentage of agricultural land area (2022)
- Land surface temperature - Cities and FUAs — Daytime summer land 35.94 Degrees celsius (2024)
- Land surface temperature - Cities and FUAs — Daytime winter land 10.73 Degrees celsius (2024)
- Land surface temperature - Cities and FUAs — Daytime yearly land 23.69 Degrees celsius (2024)
- Land surface temperature - Cities and FUAs — Nighttime summer land 21.68 Degrees celsius (2024)
- Land surface temperature - Cities and FUAs — Nighttime winter land 1.45 Degrees celsius (2024)
Frequently asked questions
- What is total and environment-related patents - fuas — patent applications in Bologna?
- Total and environment-related patents - fuas — patent applications in Bologna was 223.3 Patents in 2022, according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
- What is the highest total and environment-related patents - fuas — patent applications recorded in Bologna?
- The highest recorded value was 223.3 Patents in 2022.
- What is the lowest total and environment-related patents - fuas — patent applications recorded in Bologna?
- The lowest recorded value was 57.5 Patents in 2000.
- How does Bologna rank for total and environment-related patents - fuas — patent applications?
- Bologna ranks 76th out of 873 regions with data for 2022.
- Is total and environment-related patents - fuas — patent applications rising or falling in Bologna?
- Over the last ten years it is up 84.9%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this Bologna data come from?
- The figures come from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as part of Total and environment-related patents - FUAs — Patent applications. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
This dataset provides indicators on total and environment-related patents in Functional Urban Areas (FUAs). The indicator is defined as the fractional count of (environment-related) patent applications. Data sources and methodology The indicator uses patent applications filled under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) at the World International Property Organisation (WIPO) from the OECD, STI Micro-data Lab Intellectual Property Database, http://oe.cd/ipstats. Patents are allocated to FUAs based on the postal addresses of inventors. The year refers to the date the patent application was filed. Patents are classified as environment-related following their technology domain, obtained from the methodology of the Environment-related technologies patents national-level dataset (database documentation). Environment-related patents include patents on climate change mitigation, environmental management, sustainable ocean economy and climate change adaptation technologies. Defining FUAs and cities The OECD, in cooperation with the EU, has developed a harmonised definition of functional urban areas (FUAs) to capture the economic and functional reach of cities based on daily commuting patterns (OECD, 2012). FUAs consist of: A city – defined by urban centres in the degree of urbanisation, adapted to the closest local administrative units to define a city. A commuting zone – including all local areas where at least 15% of employed residents work in the city. The delineation process includes: Assigning municipalities surrounded by a single FUA to that FUA. Excluding non-contiguous municipalities. The definition identifies 1 285 FUAs and 1 402 cities in all OECD member countries except Costa Rica and three accession countries. Cite this dataset OECD Regions, cities and local areas database (Environment-related patents - FUAs), http://oe.cd/geostats Further information OECD Local Data Portal OECD Regions and Cities at a Glance For questions and/or comments, please email CitiesStat@oecd.org