Espinal vs Luxembourg: Land surface temperature - Cities and FUAs — Nighttime yearly land
Land surface temperature - Cities and FUAs — Nighttime yearly land over time
- Espinal
- Luxembourg
How they compare
Espinal currently reports 23.2 Degrees celsius against 7.07 Degrees celsius in Luxembourg, a difference of 16.13 Degrees celsius.
That makes Espinal's figure about 3.3 times Luxembourg's.
Across all 7 years both countries report, Espinal has been ahead every year.
Espinal ranks 5th and Luxembourg ranks 2nd of 1386 regions.
Espinal has averaged higher in every one of the 2 decades both report.
Head to head by decade
| Decade | Espinal | Luxembourg | Difference | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2010s | 22.05 Degrees celsius | 7.01 Degrees celsius | 15.03 Degrees celsius | Espinal |
| 2020s | 22.33 Degrees celsius | 6.96 Degrees celsius | 15.36 Degrees celsius | Espinal |
Averages of every year both report within each decade.
Frequently asked questions
- Which has higher land surface temperature - cities and fuas — nighttime yearly land, Espinal or Luxembourg?
- Espinal, at 23.2 Degrees celsius against 7.07 Degrees celsius in Luxembourg as of 2024.
- What is the difference in land surface temperature - cities and fuas — nighttime yearly land between Espinal and Luxembourg?
- 16.13 Degrees celsius, with Espinal ahead.
- How many years of comparable data are there for Espinal and Luxembourg?
- 7 years are reported by both, from 2018 to 2024.
- How do Espinal and Luxembourg rank globally for land surface temperature - cities and fuas — nighttime yearly land?
- Espinal ranks 5th and Luxembourg ranks 2nd of 1386 regions.
- Where does this data come from?
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as Land surface temperature - Cities and FUAs — Nighttime yearly land surface temperature. Statizoid refreshes it automatically from the source and publishes the full history for both places.
Individual pages
About this data
<p style="text-align: justify;">This dataset provides sub-national indicators on land surface temperature in FUAs and Cities.</p> <h3>Data sources and methodology</h3> <p style="text-align: justify;">Land surface temperature refers to the average temperature of the land surface within a local area, excluding water bodies. Data are available for both daytime and nighttime, as well as annually and by season (summer and winter). These temperatures are derived from MODIS Aqua and Terra satellite observations, which offer high-frequency measurements at a spatial resolution of 1 km.</p> <p align="justify"> These estimates may differ from official subnational climate statistics due to differences in methodological approaches, such as the use of reanalysis based top down modelling versus in situ observations, along with variations in input data sources, spatial resolution, and the models and algorithms used to generate temperature estimates. </p> <h3>Defining FUAs and cities</h3> <p align="justify">The OECD, in cooperation with the EU, has developed a harmonised <a href="https://www.oecd.org/en/data/datasets/oecd-definition-of-cities-and-functional-urban-areas.html">definition of functional urban areas</a> (FUAs) to capture the economic and functional reach of cities based on daily commuting patterns <a href=https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264174108-en>(OECD, 2012)</a>. FUAs consist of: <ol> <li><b>A city</b> – defined by urban centres in the degree of urbanisation, adapted to the closest local administrative units to define a city.</li> <li><b>A commuting zone</b> – including all local areas where at least 15% of employed residents work in the city.</li> </ol> The delineation process includes: <ul> <li>Assigning municipalities surrounded by a single FUA to that FUA.</li> <li>Excluding non-contiguous municipalities.</li> </ul> The definition identifies 1 285 FUAs and 1 402 cities in all OECD member countries except Costa Rica and three accession countries.</p> <h3>Cite this dataset</h3> <p>OECD Regions, cities and local areas database (<a href=http://data-explorer.oecd.org/s/1ve>Land surface temperature - Cities and FUAs</a>), <a href=http://oe.cd/geostats>http://oe.cd/geostats</a></p> <h3>Further information</h3> <ul> <li> <a href=https://localdataportal.oecd.org/>OECD Local Data Portal </a> </li> <li> <a href=https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/oecd-regions-and-cities-at-a-glance-2024_f42db3bf-en.html/>OECD Regions and Cities at a Glance </a> </li> </ul> <p align="justify">For questions and/or comments, please email <a href="mailto:CitiesStat@oecd.org">CitiesStat@oecd.org</a>