Cartonboard — Import value by country
The database contains data on the production and trade in roundwood and in primary wood and paper products for all countries and territories in the world.The main types of primary forest products included in this database are roundwood, sawnwood, wood-based panels, pulp, and paper and paperboard. These products are...
Countries reporting
230
Highest
2.02 million 1000 USD
United States
Lowest
0 1000 USD
Micronesia (Federated States of)
Median
11,152 1000 USD
Years covered
27
1998–2024
Data points
6,129
What the numbers show
Cartonboard — Import value is currently reported for 230 countries. The highest value is 2.02 million 1000 USD in United States; the lowest is 0 1000 USD in Micronesia (Federated States of).
The median across all reporting countries is 11,152 1000 USD, and the mean is 129,253 1000 USD.
Over the past decade 138 countries rose and 88 fell. The largest increase was in Somalia (up 2,733.3%), and the largest decrease in Palau (down 100.0%).
Cartonboard — Import value: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States | 2.02 million 1000 USD | 2024 | up 29.0% | volatile |
| 2 | Germany | 1.60 million 1000 USD | 2024 | down 12.5% | rising |
| 3 | Italy | 1.18 million 1000 USD | 2024 | up 40.1% | rising |
| 4 | Poland | 1.17 million 1000 USD | 2024 | up 64.7% | volatile |
| 5 | China | 1.12 million 1000 USD | 2024 | down 27.7% | rising |
| 6 | France | 982,403 1000 USD | 2024 | up 10.4% | rising |
| 7 | United Kingdom | 952,713 1000 USD | 2024 | down 4.8% | rising |
| 7 | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 952,713 1000 USD | 2024 | down 4.8% | rising |
| 9 | Mexico | 943,552 1000 USD | 2024 | up 41.1% | volatile |
| 10 | Canada | 904,278 1000 USD | 2024 | up 32.6% | rising |
| 11 | China, mainland | 843,291 1000 USD | 2024 | down 30.3% | rising |
| 12 | Vietnam | 762,145 1000 USD | 2024 | up 194.1% | volatile |
| 12 | Viet Nam | 762,145 1000 USD | 2024 | up 194.1% | volatile |
| 14 | Belgium | 736,191 1000 USD | 2024 | up 16.0% | rising |
| 15 | Turkey | 713,390 1000 USD | 2024 | up 55.7% | volatile |
| 15 | Türkiye | 713,390 1000 USD | 2024 | up 55.7% | volatile |
| 17 | Spain | 632,254 1000 USD | 2024 | up 10.8% | rising |
| 18 | Thailand | 521,384 1000 USD | 2024 | up 13.5% | volatile |
| 19 | Japan | 515,555 1000 USD | 2024 | down 20.0% | rising |
| 20 | Netherlands (Kingdom of the) | 511,618 1000 USD | 2024 | down 3.1% | falling |
| 21 | Russia | 427,619 1000 USD | 2024 | down 56.0% | rising |
| 21 | Russian Federation | 427,619 1000 USD | 2024 | down 56.0% | rising |
| 23 | Indonesia | 409,657 1000 USD | 2024 | up 73.1% | volatile |
| 24 | Republic of Korea | 407,480 1000 USD | 2024 | up 16.7% | volatile |
| 25 | India | 399,949 1000 USD | 2024 | up 180.8% | volatile |
| 26 | Australia and New Zealand | 366,539 1000 USD | 2024 | up 52.8% | rising |
| 27 | Bangladesh | 325,744 1000 USD | 2024 | up 105.8% | volatile |
| 28 | Egypt | 308,706 1000 USD | 2024 | down 4.6% | volatile |
| 29 | Saudi Arabia | 294,620 1000 USD | 2024 | up 37.4% | volatile |
| 30 | United Arab Emirates | 272,225 1000 USD | 2024 | up 78.3% | volatile |
| 31 | Australia | 271,723 1000 USD | 2024 | up 63.7% | rising |
| 32 | South Africa | 271,712 1000 USD | 2024 | up 12.4% | rising |
| 33 | Austria | 262,474 1000 USD | 2024 | down 4.4% | rising |
| 34 | China, Taiwan Province of | 255,937 1000 USD | 2024 | up 4.5% | rising |
| 35 | Malaysia | 237,031 1000 USD | 2024 | down 32.0% | rising |
| 36 | Iran (Islamic Republic of) | 234,350 1000 USD | 2024 | up 20.6% | volatile |
| 37 | Philippines | 234,257 1000 USD | 2024 | up 92.8% | volatile |
| 38 | Czechia | 222,337 1000 USD | 2024 | up 23.8% | rising |
| 39 | Brazil | 221,997 1000 USD | 2024 | up 11.0% | rising |
| 40 | Portugal | 210,501 1000 USD | 2024 | up 203.4% | rising |
| 41 | Hungary | 194,986 1000 USD | 2024 | up 34.9% | rising |
| 42 | Ukraine | 176,845 1000 USD | 2024 | down 26.6% | rising |
| 43 | Sweden | 176,746 1000 USD | 2024 | up 4.6% | rising |
| 44 | Romania | 174,552 1000 USD | 2024 | up 253.8% | volatile |
| 45 | Morocco | 161,846 1000 USD | 2024 | up 64.7% | volatile |
| 46 | Colombia | 161,719 1000 USD | 2024 | down 9.0% | rising |
| 47 | Greece | 153,270 1000 USD | 2024 | up 90.1% | rising |
| 48 | Denmark | 152,775 1000 USD | 2024 | up 19.6% | rising |
| 49 | Pakistan | 144,595 1000 USD | 2024 | up 3.2% | volatile |
| 50 | Serbia | 141,053 1000 USD | 2024 | up 146.5% | volatile |
| 51 | Caribbean | 135,500 1000 USD | 2024 | up 79.1% | volatile |
| 52 | Algeria | 134,525 1000 USD | 2024 | down 5.4% | volatile |
| 53 | Switzerland | 127,373 1000 USD | 2024 | down 45.9% | falling |
| 54 | Costa Rica | 124,989 1000 USD | 2024 | up 30.1% | rising |
| 55 | Dominican Republic | 102,387 1000 USD | 2024 | up 120.7% | volatile |
| 56 | Peru | 99,589 1000 USD | 2024 | down 11.4% | volatile |
| 57 | Uzbekistan | 98,989 1000 USD | 2024 | up 163.7% | volatile |
| 58 | New Zealand | 94,753 1000 USD | 2024 | up 28.2% | rising |
| 59 | Israel | 94,606 1000 USD | 2024 | up 29.8% | volatile |
| 60 | Singapore | 94,084 1000 USD | 2024 | up 87.3% | volatile |
| 61 | Lithuania | 91,580 1000 USD | 2024 | down 8.6% | volatile |
| 62 | Ireland | 90,792 1000 USD | 2024 | up 44.9% | rising |
| 63 | Guatemala | 90,425 1000 USD | 2024 | up 308.3% | volatile |
| 64 | Bulgaria | 90,074 1000 USD | 2024 | up 11.1% | rising |
| 65 | Kazakhstan | 86,576 1000 USD | 2024 | up 5.0% | volatile |
| 66 | Argentina | 82,377 1000 USD | 2024 | down 43.1% | rising |
| 67 | Chile | 80,157 1000 USD | 2024 | up 36.6% | volatile |
| 68 | Finland | 78,489 1000 USD | 2024 | up 8.6% | rising |
| 69 | Ecuador | 78,398 1000 USD | 2024 | down 1.1% | rising |
| 70 | Croatia | 75,654 1000 USD | 2024 | up 40.2% | volatile |
| 71 | Slovakia | 73,219 1000 USD | 2024 | down 18.0% | rising |
| 72 | Jordan | 72,789 1000 USD | 2024 | up 3.5% | rising |
| 73 | Tunisia | 70,817 1000 USD | 2024 | down 3.6% | volatile |
| 74 | Norway | 69,844 1000 USD | 2024 | up 3.9% | falling |
| 75 | Sri Lanka | 66,628 1000 USD | 2024 | down 30.2% | volatile |
| 76 | El Salvador | 49,991 1000 USD | 2024 | down 4.6% | rising |
| 77 | Iraq | 48,142 1000 USD | 2024 | up 863.4% | volatile |
| 78 | Paraguay | 46,334 1000 USD | 2024 | down 21.9% | volatile |
| 79 | Malta | 45,694 1000 USD | 2024 | up 665.9% | volatile |
| 80 | Libya | 35,945 1000 USD | 2024 | up 95.4% | volatile |
| 81 | Kenya | 35,787 1000 USD | 2024 | up 42.7% | volatile |
| 82 | Kuwait | 35,446 1000 USD | 2024 | up 27.6% | volatile |
| 83 | Azerbaijan | 32,448 1000 USD | 2024 | up 208.0% | volatile |
| 84 | Estonia | 31,239 1000 USD | 2024 | up 2.1% | rising |
| 85 | Lebanon | 30,822 1000 USD | 2024 | down 6.6% | rising |
| 86 | Slovenia | 30,543 1000 USD | 2024 | down 21.6% | rising |
| 87 | Belarus | 29,247 1000 USD | 2024 | down 68.4% | volatile |
| 88 | Cambodia | 28,830 1000 USD | 2024 | up 35.1% | volatile |
| 89 | Armenia | 25,860 1000 USD | 2024 | up 66.0% | volatile |
| 90 | Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) | 25,278 1000 USD | 2024 | down 67.3% | volatile |
| 91 | Latvia | 25,130 1000 USD | 2024 | down 16.2% | rising |
| 92 | Luxembourg | 24,394 1000 USD | 2024 | down 5.6% | falling |
| 93 | Honduras | 24,351 1000 USD | 2024 | down 42.6% | volatile |
| 94 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 23,804 1000 USD | 2024 | down 2.8% | rising |
| 95 | Cyprus | 22,431 1000 USD | 2024 | up 32.4% | rising |
| 96 | Cote d'Ivoire | 22,147 1000 USD | 2024 | up 30.3% | volatile |
| 96 | Côte d'Ivoire | 22,147 1000 USD | 2024 | up 30.3% | volatile |
| 98 | Zimbabwe | 18,379 1000 USD | 2024 | up 116.1% | volatile |
| 99 | Nepal | 17,628 1000 USD | 2024 | up 420.2% | volatile |
| 100 | China, Hong Kong SAR | 17,427 1000 USD | 2024 | down 80.7% | volatile |
| 101 | Oman | 16,939 1000 USD | 2024 | down 31.6% | volatile |
| 102 | Nigeria | 16,671 1000 USD | 2024 | down 80.9% | volatile |
| 103 | Angola | 16,405 1000 USD | 2024 | up 521.6% | volatile |
| 104 | Trinidad and Tobago | 16,090 1000 USD | 2024 | up 35.8% | rising |
| 105 | Georgia | 15,859 1000 USD | 2024 | up 79.3% | volatile |
| 106 | Uruguay | 15,623 1000 USD | 2024 | down 5.1% | rising |
| 107 | United Republic of Tanzania | 14,775 1000 USD | 2024 | up 208.5% | volatile |
| 108 | Myanmar | 14,736 1000 USD | 2024 | down 45.6% | volatile |
| 109 | North Macedonia | 14,697 1000 USD | 2024 | up 34.5% | rising |
| 110 | Qatar | 14,402 1000 USD | 2024 | up 123.4% | volatile |
| 111 | Yemen | 13,762 1000 USD | 2024 | up 27.0% | volatile |
| 112 | Uganda | 13,428 1000 USD | 2024 | up 1,483.5% | volatile |
| 113 | Syria | 12,164 1000 USD | 2024 | down 22.6% | falling |
| 113 | Syrian Arab Republic | 12,164 1000 USD | 2024 | down 22.6% | falling |
| 115 | Cameroon | 11,393 1000 USD | 2024 | up 222.5% | volatile |
| 116 | Moldova | 10,910 1000 USD | 2024 | up 68.6% | volatile |
| 116 | Republic of Moldova | 10,910 1000 USD | 2024 | up 68.6% | volatile |
| 118 | Afghanistan | 9,717 1000 USD | 2024 | up 444.4% | volatile |
| 119 | Senegal | 9,529 1000 USD | 2024 | up 86.8% | rising |
| 120 | Zambia | 9,315 1000 USD | 2024 | down 45.6% | volatile |
| 121 | Jamaica | 8,474 1000 USD | 2024 | up 161.5% | volatile |
| 122 | Bolivia (Plurinational State of) | 8,421 1000 USD | 2024 | down 14.2% | volatile |
| 123 | Bahrain | 8,067 1000 USD | 2024 | up 18.2% | volatile |
| 124 | Nicaragua | 7,421 1000 USD | 2023 | down 22.0% | volatile |
| 125 | Turkmenistan | 6,586 1000 USD | 2024 | up 81.1% | volatile |
| 126 | Sudan (former) | 6,395 1000 USD | 2011 | up 359.1% | volatile |
| 127 | Kyrgyzstan | 5,853 1000 USD | 2024 | up 43.0% | volatile |
| 128 | Panama | 5,737 1000 USD | 2024 | up 46.4% | volatile |
| 129 | Albania | 5,606 1000 USD | 2024 | up 10.4% | volatile |
| 130 | Democratic People's Republic of Korea | 5,450 1000 USD | 2024 | up 0.3% | volatile |
| 131 | Cuba | 5,140 1000 USD | 2024 | down 23.0% | volatile |
| 132 | Iceland | 4,792 1000 USD | 2024 | up 27.8% | volatile |
| 133 | Djibouti | 4,672 1000 USD | 2024 | up 364.9% | volatile |
| 134 | Togo | 4,664 1000 USD | 2024 | up 994.8% | volatile |
| 135 | Mongolia | 4,594 1000 USD | 2024 | down 8.6% | volatile |
| 136 | Melanesia | 4,433 1000 USD | 2024 | down 63.6% | volatile |
| 137 | Mozambique | 4,285 1000 USD | 2024 | down 6.7% | volatile |
| 138 | Botswana | 4,162 1000 USD | 2024 | up 337.6% | volatile |
| 139 | Madagascar | 4,077 1000 USD | 2024 | up 379.6% | volatile |
| 140 | Mauritius | 3,585 1000 USD | 2024 | up 39.4% | volatile |
| 141 | Rwanda | 3,531 1000 USD | 2024 | up 1,050.2% | volatile |
| 142 | Namibia | 3,367 1000 USD | 2024 | down 78.8% | volatile |
| 143 | Ghana | 3,244 1000 USD | 2024 | down 62.7% | volatile |
| 144 | Tajikistan | 2,931 1000 USD | 2024 | up 294.5% | volatile |
| 145 | Malawi | 2,239 1000 USD | 2024 | down 38.0% | volatile |
| 146 | Ethiopia | 2,167 1000 USD | 2024 | down 85.1% | volatile |
| 147 | Barbados | 2,140 1000 USD | 2024 | down 32.1% | volatile |
| 148 | Guinea | 2,074 1000 USD | 2024 | up 2,283.9% | volatile |
| 149 | Equatorial Guinea | 2,071 1000 USD | 2024 | up 1,125.4% | volatile |
| 150 | Congo | 2,068 1000 USD | 2024 | up 501.2% | volatile |
| 151 | Bhutan | 2,023 1000 USD | 2024 | up 285.3% | volatile |
| 152 | Fiji | 1,994 1000 USD | 2024 | down 41.3% | volatile |
| 153 | Palestine | 1,911 1000 USD | 2024 | down 60.4% | rising |
| 153 | Palestine | 1,911 1000 USD | 2024 | down 60.4% | rising |
| 155 | Papua New Guinea | 1,736 1000 USD | 2024 | down 79.0% | volatile |
| 156 | Laos | 1,496 1000 USD | 2024 | up 9.6% | volatile |
| 156 | Lao People's Democratic Republic | 1,496 1000 USD | 2024 | up 9.6% | volatile |
| 158 | Gabon | 1,399 1000 USD | 2024 | up 366.3% | volatile |
| 159 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 1,379 1000 USD | 2024 | up 141.9% | volatile |
| 160 | Andorra | 1,291 1000 USD | 2024 | up 260.6% | volatile |
| 161 | Mali | 1,264 1000 USD | 2024 | up 48.5% | volatile |
| 162 | Eswatini | 1,100 1000 USD | 2024 | down 57.1% | volatile |
| 163 | Liberia | 1,093 1000 USD | 2024 | up 1,752.5% | volatile |
| 164 | Faroe Islands | 857 1000 USD | 2024 | up 28.9% | rising |
| 165 | Montenegro | 840 1000 USD | 2024 | up 136.0% | rising |
| 166 | New Caledonia | 674 1000 USD | 2024 | up 72.4% | volatile |
| 167 | Dominica | 558 1000 USD | 2024 | down 5.1% | volatile |
| 168 | Burkina Faso | 555 1000 USD | 2024 | down 24.8% | volatile |
| 169 | French Southern Territories | 496 1000 USD | 2024 | down 1.0% | flat |
| 170 | Sudan | 434 1000 USD | 2024 | down 89.7% | volatile |
| 171 | Polynesia | 269 1000 USD | 2024 | up 15.5% | volatile |
| 172 | Belize | 254 1000 USD | 2024 | down 36.7% | volatile |
| 173 | Haiti | 220 1000 USD | 2024 | up 182.1% | volatile |
| 174 | Seychelles | 206 1000 USD | 2024 | up 296.2% | volatile |
| 175 | Suriname | 164 1000 USD | 2024 | up 203.7% | volatile |
| 176 | Samoa | 159 1000 USD | 2024 | up 4.6% | volatile |
| 177 | Aruba | 150 1000 USD | 2024 | up 63.0% | volatile |
| 178 | Mauritania | 130 1000 USD | 2024 | up 1.6% | volatile |
| 179 | Greenland | 123 1000 USD | 2024 | up 339.3% | volatile |
| 180 | Chad | 122 1000 USD | 2024 | up 5.2% | volatile |
| 180 | Netherlands Antilles (former) | 122 1000 USD | 2010 | up 16.2% | rising |
| 182 | Bahamas | 109 1000 USD | 2024 | down 83.8% | volatile |
| 183 | Cabo Verde | 94 1000 USD | 2024 | up 74.1% | volatile |
| 184 | Somalia | 85 1000 USD | 2024 | up 2,733.3% | volatile |
| 185 | Brunei | 81 1000 USD | 2024 | down 44.9% | volatile |
| 185 | Brunei Darussalam | 81 1000 USD | 2024 | down 44.9% | volatile |
| 187 | Maldives | 71 1000 USD | 2024 | up 343.8% | volatile |
| 188 | Eritrea | 68 1000 USD | 2024 | up 74.4% | volatile |
| 189 | Central African Republic | 66 1000 USD | 2024 | up 29.4% | volatile |
| 189 | Lesotho | 66 1000 USD | 2024 | up 6.5% | volatile |
| 191 | French Polynesia | 65 1000 USD | 2024 | down 12.2% | volatile |
| 192 | Guyana | 64 1000 USD | 2024 | down 74.6% | volatile |
| 193 | East Timor | 56 1000 USD | 2024 | up 833.3% | volatile |
| 193 | Timor-Leste | 56 1000 USD | 2024 | up 833.3% | volatile |
| 195 | Benin | 54 1000 USD | 2024 | down 89.6% | volatile |
| 196 | Curacao | 50 1000 USD | 2024 | up 13.6% | volatile |
| 196 | Cayman Islands | 50 1000 USD | 2024 | down 97.3% | volatile |
| 196 | Curaçao | 50 1000 USD | 2024 | up 13.6% | volatile |
| 199 | Bermuda | 34 1000 USD | 2024 | up 9.7% | volatile |
| 200 | Sierra Leone | 31 1000 USD | 2024 | down 50.0% | volatile |
| 201 | Saint Lucia | 29 1000 USD | 2024 | down 96.1% | volatile |
| 202 | Tonga | 26 1000 USD | 2024 | up 271.4% | volatile |
| 203 | Antigua and Barbuda | 21 1000 USD | 2024 | down 74.7% | volatile |
| 204 | Gibraltar | 20 1000 USD | 2024 | down 45.9% | falling |
| 205 | Burundi | 19 1000 USD | 2024 | up 375.0% | volatile |
| 206 | Grenada | 18 1000 USD | 2024 | down 48.6% | falling |
| 207 | Solomon Islands | 16 1000 USD | 2024 | up 166.7% | volatile |
| 208 | Saint Martin (French Part) | 14 1000 USD | 2024 | unchanged | flat |
| 209 | Vanuatu | 13 1000 USD | 2024 | down 86.5% | volatile |
| 210 | Guinea-Bissau | 12 1000 USD | 2024 | up 140.0% | volatile |
| 211 | Comoros | 9 1000 USD | 2024 | down 52.6% | falling |
| 211 | Turks and Caicos Islands | 9 1000 USD | 2024 | up 350.0% | volatile |
| 211 | British Virgin Islands | 9 1000 USD | 2024 | down 91.7% | volatile |
| 214 | Cook Islands | 8 1000 USD | 2024 | down 33.3% | volatile |
| 215 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 6 1000 USD | 2024 | up 50.0% | volatile |
| 216 | China, Macao SAR | 4 1000 USD | 2024 | down 98.5% | volatile |
| 216 | Falkland Islands (Malvinas) | 4 1000 USD | 2024 | down 55.6% | volatile |
| 218 | Niger | 3 1000 USD | 2024 | down 99.0% | volatile |
| 218 | Micronesia | 3 1000 USD | 2024 | up 50.0% | volatile |
| 218 | Ascension, Saint Helena and Tristan da Cunha | 3 1000 USD | 2024 | up 200.0% | volatile |
| 221 | Kiribati | 2 1000 USD | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 221 | Wallis and Futuna Islands | 2 1000 USD | 2024 | down 96.3% | volatile |
| 223 | Gambia | 1 1000 USD | 2024 | down 96.0% | volatile |
| 223 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 1 1000 USD | 2024 | down 97.0% | volatile |
| 223 | Marshall Islands | 1 1000 USD | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 223 | Sao Tome and Principe | 1 1000 USD | 2024 | down 97.2% | volatile |
| 227 | Guam | 0 1000 USD | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 227 | Palau | 0 1000 USD | 2024 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 227 | Anguilla | 0 1000 USD | 2024 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 227 | Micronesia (Federated States of) | 0 1000 USD | 2024 | down 100.0% | volatile |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- World 25.19 million 1000 USD
- Europe 11.01 million 1000 USD
- Asia 7.48 million 1000 USD
- Americas 5.13 million 1000 USD
- Western Europe 4.24 million 1000 USD
- Northern America 2.93 million 1000 USD
- Eastern Europe 2.57 million 1000 USD
- Southern Europe 2.52 million 1000 USD
- South-Eastern Asia 2.30 million 1000 USD
- Eastern Asia 2.05 million 1000 USD
- United States of America 2.02 million 1000 USD
- Net Food Importing Developing Countries (NFIDCs) 1.75 million 1000 USD
- Western Asia 1.73 million 1000 USD
- Northern Europe 1.67 million 1000 USD
- Central America 1.25 million 1000 USD
- Africa 1.21 million 1000 USD
- Southern Asia 1.20 million 1000 USD
- South America 820,125 1000 USD
- Northern Africa 712,273 1000 USD
- Least Developed Countries (LDCs) 508,840 1000 USD
- Land Locked Developing Countries (LLDCs) 431,559 1000 USD
- Oceania 371,244 1000 USD
- Low Income Food Deficit Countries (LIFDCs) 307,166 1000 USD
- Southern Africa 280,407 1000 USD
- Small island developing States (SIDS) 238,823 1000 USD
- Central Asia 200,935 1000 USD
- Eastern Africa 117,203 1000 USD
- Western Africa 61,569 1000 USD
- Middle Africa 34,904 1000 USD
About this data
The database contains data on the production and trade in roundwood and in primary wood and paper products for all countries and territories in the world.The main types of primary forest products included in this database are roundwood, sawnwood, wood-based panels, pulp, and paper and paperboard. These products are detailed further and defined in the Joint Forest Sector Questionnaire (JFSQ) (https://www.fao.org/statistics/data-collection/forestry/en). The database contains details of the following topics: - roundwood removals (production) by coniferous and non-coniferous wood and assortments, - production and trade in industrial roundwood, sawnwood, wood-based panels, wood charcoal, pulp, paper and paperboard, and other products. More detailed information on wood products, including definitions, can be found at: https://www.fao.org/statistics/data-collection/forestry/en