Historical exposure to drought — Land soil moisture anomaly by country
The dataset provides annual anomalies in land and cropland soil moisture content of the top soil layer (0 to 7 cm) compared to the reference period 1981-2010. Exposure indicators to drought have been prepared by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Please see the working paper for a...
Countries reporting
232
Highest
14.18 Percentage change
Palau
Lowest
-80.98 Percentage change
United Arab Emirates
Median
-3.47 Percentage change
Years covered
76
1950–2025
Data points
256,500
What the numbers show
Historical exposure to drought — Land soil moisture anomaly is currently reported for 232 countries. The highest value is 14.18 Percentage change in Palau; the lowest is -80.98 Percentage change in United Arab Emirates.
The median across all reporting countries is -3.47 Percentage change, and the mean is -6.65 Percentage change.
Over the past decade 90 countries rose and 142 fell. The largest increase was in Panama (up 2,957.5%), and the largest decrease in Romania (down 6,767.5%).
Historical exposure to drought — Land soil moisture anomaly: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Palau | 14.18 Percentage change | 2025 | up 359.3% | volatile |
| 2 | Turks and Caicos Islands | 11.79 Percentage change | 2025 | up 277.3% | volatile |
| 3 | India | 11.05 Percentage change | 2025 | up 680.4% | volatile |
| 4 | Mauritius | 9.92 Percentage change | 2025 | up 170.9% | volatile |
| 5 | Northern Mariana Islands | 8.23 Percentage change | 2025 | up 312.5% | volatile |
| 6 | New Caledonia | 7.82 Percentage change | 2025 | up 327.3% | volatile |
| 7 | Philippines | 6.85 Percentage change | 2025 | up 382.7% | volatile |
| 8 | San Marino | 6.82 Percentage change | 2025 | up 0.9% | volatile |
| 9 | Botswana | 6.04 Percentage change | 2025 | up 342.6% | volatile |
| 10 | Panama | 5.66 Percentage change | 2025 | up 2,957.5% | volatile |
| 11 | South Africa | 5.46 Percentage change | 2025 | up 214.7% | volatile |
| 12 | Sri Lanka | 5.24 Percentage change | 2025 | down 56.5% | volatile |
| 13 | Niger | 4.49 Percentage change | 2025 | up 208.8% | volatile |
| 14 | Svalbard and Jan Mayen | 4.16 Percentage change | 2025 | up 56.1% | volatile |
| 15 | Holy See | 4.1 Percentage change | 2025 | up 316.1% | volatile |
| 16 | Finland | 3.9 Percentage change | 2025 | up 16.4% | volatile |
| 17 | Iceland | 3.89 Percentage change | 2025 | up 804.5% | volatile |
| 18 | Nicaragua | 3.64 Percentage change | 2025 | up 219.0% | volatile |
| 19 | Faroe Islands | 3.37 Percentage change | 2025 | down 19.7% | volatile |
| 20 | Greece | 3.36 Percentage change | 2025 | down 69.6% | volatile |
| 21 | Democratic People's Republic of Korea | 3.16 Percentage change | 2025 | up 194.0% | volatile |
| 22 | Martinique | 3.12 Percentage change | 2025 | up 134.0% | volatile |
| 23 | South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands | 3.08 Percentage change | 2025 | up 473.1% | volatile |
| 24 | Dominica | 3.05 Percentage change | 2025 | up 143.4% | volatile |
| 25 | Zimbabwe | 2.93 Percentage change | 2025 | down 19.4% | volatile |
| 26 | Costa Rica | 2.9 Percentage change | 2025 | up 808.3% | volatile |
| 27 | Isle of Man | 2.85 Percentage change | 2025 | up 18.5% | volatile |
| 28 | Nepal | 2.73 Percentage change | 2025 | down 34.9% | volatile |
| 29 | Ireland | 2.51 Percentage change | 2025 | up 77.8% | volatile |
| 30 | Vanuatu | 2.29 Percentage change | 2025 | up 125.0% | volatile |
| 31 | Northern Ireland | 2.21 Percentage change | 2025 | down 19.0% | volatile |
| 32 | North Macedonia | 2.21 Percentage change | 2025 | up 19.1% | volatile |
| 33 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 2.19 Percentage change | 2025 | up 120.8% | volatile |
| 34 | Italy | 2.04 Percentage change | 2025 | up 23.0% | volatile |
| 35 | Papua New Guinea | 1.56 Percentage change | 2025 | up 257.7% | volatile |
| 36 | French Guiana | 1.45 Percentage change | 2025 | up 148.6% | volatile |
| 37 | French Southern and Antarctic Lands | 1.44 Percentage change | 2025 | up 252.3% | volatile |
| 38 | Thailand | 1.44 Percentage change | 2025 | up 130.7% | volatile |
| 39 | Suriname | 1.4 Percentage change | 2025 | up 173.6% | volatile |
| 40 | Indonesia | 1.36 Percentage change | 2025 | up 133.4% | volatile |
| 41 | Scotland | 1.26 Percentage change | 2025 | down 64.2% | volatile |
| 42 | Sweden | 1.1 Percentage change | 2025 | down 73.1% | volatile |
| 43 | Norway | 0.9857 Percentage change | 2025 | down 58.0% | volatile |
| 44 | Liechtenstein | 0.7508 Percentage change | 2025 | up 128.8% | volatile |
| 45 | Mexico | 0.6859 Percentage change | 2025 | down 95.9% | volatile |
| 46 | Hokkaido | 0.6565 Percentage change | 2025 | down 13.3% | volatile |
| 47 | Albania | 0.6356 Percentage change | 2025 | up 47.2% | volatile |
| 48 | Guam | 0.5909 Percentage change | 2025 | down 85.8% | volatile |
| 49 | Cambodia | 0.5487 Percentage change | 2025 | up 107.1% | volatile |
| 50 | Guadeloupe | 0.493 Percentage change | 2025 | up 106.0% | volatile |
| 51 | Chinese Taipei | 0.4698 Percentage change | 2025 | up 125.2% | volatile |
| 52 | Peru | 0.4511 Percentage change | 2025 | up 206.2% | volatile |
| 53 | Colombia | 0.4233 Percentage change | 2025 | up 125.0% | volatile |
| 54 | Greenland | 0.3961 Percentage change | 2025 | up 179.1% | volatile |
| 55 | Ecuador | 0.3767 Percentage change | 2025 | down 77.4% | volatile |
| 56 | Samoa | 0.3482 Percentage change | 2025 | up 110.1% | volatile |
| 57 | Bhutan | 0.2782 Percentage change | 2025 | up 127.2% | volatile |
| 58 | Myanmar | -0.016 Percentage change | 2025 | up 91.9% | volatile |
| 59 | Belarus | -0.1734 Percentage change | 2025 | up 98.1% | volatile |
| 60 | New Zealand | -0.2131 Percentage change | 2025 | up 91.3% | volatile |
| 61 | Luxembourg | -0.2585 Percentage change | 2025 | up 91.2% | volatile |
| 62 | Switzerland | -0.2925 Percentage change | 2025 | up 89.1% | volatile |
| 63 | Puerto Rico | -0.4091 Percentage change | 2025 | up 91.8% | volatile |
| 64 | Portugal | -0.6043 Percentage change | 2025 | up 93.7% | volatile |
| 65 | Corsica (region, level 2) | -0.6597 Percentage change | 2025 | down 512.6% | volatile |
| 66 | Honduras | -0.6894 Percentage change | 2025 | down 39.1% | volatile |
| 67 | Malawi | -0.9153 Percentage change | 2025 | up 62.2% | volatile |
| 68 | Montenegro | -0.9561 Percentage change | 2025 | up 70.0% | volatile |
| 69 | Solomon Islands | -1 Percentage change | 2025 | down 67.0% | volatile |
| 70 | Senegal | -1.15 Percentage change | 2025 | down 142.1% | volatile |
| 71 | Malta | -1.15 Percentage change | 2025 | down 121.2% | volatile |
| 72 | Andorra | -1.28 Percentage change | 2025 | down 4,270.7% | volatile |
| 73 | Bulgaria | -1.39 Percentage change | 2025 | down 144.2% | volatile |
| 74 | Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur | -1.54 Percentage change | 2025 | up 63.2% | volatile |
| 75 | Trinidad and Tobago | -1.54 Percentage change | 2025 | up 61.5% | volatile |
| 76 | Malaysia | -1.65 Percentage change | 2025 | down 369.9% | volatile |
| 77 | Spain | -1.67 Percentage change | 2025 | up 45.1% | volatile |
| 78 | Singapore | -1.71 Percentage change | 2025 | up 73.0% | volatile |
| 79 | Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes | -1.73 Percentage change | 2025 | up 70.4% | volatile |
| 80 | Russian Federation | -1.76 Percentage change | 2025 | down 59.8% | volatile |
| 81 | Lao People's Democratic Republic | -1.77 Percentage change | 2025 | up 51.2% | volatile |
| 82 | Wales | -1.86 Percentage change | 2025 | down 185.3% | volatile |
| 83 | Kosovo | -1.95 Percentage change | 2025 | down 33.6% | volatile |
| 84 | Austria | -1.98 Percentage change | 2025 | up 33.4% | volatile |
| 85 | Saint Lucia | -2.19 Percentage change | 2025 | up 84.4% | volatile |
| 86 | Brunei Darussalam | -2.26 Percentage change | 2025 | down 331.8% | volatile |
| 87 | Grand Est | -2.34 Percentage change | 2025 | up 46.9% | volatile |
| 88 | Bourgogne-Franche-Comté | -2.43 Percentage change | 2025 | up 44.1% | volatile |
| 89 | France | -2.44 Percentage change | 2025 | up 14.3% | volatile |
| 90 | Canada | -2.52 Percentage change | 2025 | down 3,003.5% | volatile |
| 91 | Advanced economies | -2.55 Percentage change | 2025 | down 104.3% | volatile |
| 92 | Bangladesh | -2.59 Percentage change | 2025 | down 402.6% | volatile |
| 93 | Occitanie | -2.61 Percentage change | 2025 | down 17.5% | volatile |
| 94 | OECD | -2.62 Percentage change | 2025 | down 268.2% | volatile |
| 95 | United States of America | -2.64 Percentage change | 2025 | down 19.2% | volatile |
| 96 | Guinea-Bissau | -2.65 Percentage change | 2025 | down 33.8% | volatile |
| 97 | Denmark | -2.66 Percentage change | 2025 | down 125.4% | volatile |
| 98 | Chile | -2.67 Percentage change | 2025 | down 82.7% | volatile |
| 99 | North West England | -2.7 Percentage change | 2025 | down 165.8% | volatile |
| 100 | Czechia | -2.82 Percentage change | 2025 | up 57.5% | volatile |
| 101 | Angola | -2.86 Percentage change | 2025 | down 31.1% | volatile |
| 102 | Guinea | -2.88 Percentage change | 2025 | down 18.1% | volatile |
| 103 | Guyana | -2.92 Percentage change | 2025 | up 5.3% | volatile |
| 104 | Jamaica | -2.93 Percentage change | 2025 | up 71.6% | volatile |
| 105 | Zambia | -2.98 Percentage change | 2025 | down 175.4% | volatile |
| 106 | Namibia | -2.99 Percentage change | 2025 | up 50.1% | volatile |
| 107 | Haiti | -3.01 Percentage change | 2025 | up 41.0% | volatile |
| 108 | Antigua and Barbuda | -3.03 Percentage change | 2025 | up 72.4% | volatile |
| 109 | Jersey | -3.05 Percentage change | 2025 | down 251.9% | volatile |
| 110 | Tohoku | -3.1 Percentage change | 2025 | up 2.2% | volatile |
| 111 | Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | -3.12 Percentage change | 2025 | up 26.7% | volatile |
| 112 | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | -3.13 Percentage change | 2025 | down 227.8% | volatile |
| 113 | Centre - Val de Loire | -3.3 Percentage change | 2025 | down 3,904.7% | volatile |
| 114 | El Salvador | -3.31 Percentage change | 2025 | up 19.9% | volatile |
| 115 | Hokuriku | -3.39 Percentage change | 2025 | down 127.9% | volatile |
| 116 | Saxony | -3.44 Percentage change | 2025 | up 10.1% | volatile |
| 117 | Rhineland-Palatinate | -3.51 Percentage change | 2025 | down 2.0% | volatile |
| 118 | Uruguay | -3.58 Percentage change | 2025 | up 23.7% | volatile |
| 119 | Mozambique | -3.62 Percentage change | 2025 | up 18.4% | volatile |
| 120 | Belize | -3.66 Percentage change | 2025 | down 1,647.9% | volatile |
| 121 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | -3.8 Percentage change | 2025 | down 192.3% | volatile |
| 122 | Heard Island and McDonald Islands | -3.84 Percentage change | 2025 | up 36.0% | volatile |
| 123 | Nouvelle-Aquitaine | -3.87 Percentage change | 2025 | down 72.8% | volatile |
| 124 | Burundi | -3.89 Percentage change | 2025 | down 2,140.4% | volatile |
| 125 | Macau, China | -3.98 Percentage change | 2025 | up 61.4% | volatile |
| 126 | Thuringia | -4.01 Percentage change | 2025 | down 15.5% | volatile |
| 127 | Germany | -4.12 Percentage change | 2025 | down 167.6% | volatile |
| 128 | Gambia | -4.15 Percentage change | 2025 | down 181.7% | volatile |
| 129 | Dominican Republic | -4.17 Percentage change | 2025 | up 45.6% | volatile |
| 130 | Liberia | -4.21 Percentage change | 2025 | down 45.7% | volatile |
| 131 | Kazakhstan | -4.3 Percentage change | 2025 | down 47.3% | volatile |
| 132 | Australia and New Zealand | -4.39 Percentage change | 2025 | down 35.7% | volatile |
| 133 | French Polynesia | -4.42 Percentage change | 2025 | down 17.8% | volatile |
| 134 | Gabon | -4.44 Percentage change | 2025 | down 52.8% | volatile |
| 135 | Guatemala | -4.45 Percentage change | 2025 | down 1,452.4% | volatile |
| 136 | Serbia | -4.51 Percentage change | 2025 | down 738.0% | volatile |
| 137 | Japan | -4.51 Percentage change | 2025 | down 508.2% | volatile |
| 138 | Romania | -4.68 Percentage change | 2025 | down 6,767.5% | volatile |
| 139 | Brittany | -4.68 Percentage change | 2025 | down 450.7% | volatile |
| 140 | Saxony-Anhalt | -4.72 Percentage change | 2025 | down 1,189.3% | volatile |
| 141 | Australia | -4.75 Percentage change | 2025 | down 43.6% | volatile |
| 142 | Schleswig-Holstein | -4.94 Percentage change | 2025 | down 203.6% | volatile |
| 143 | Kyushu, Okinawa | -5.01 Percentage change | 2025 | down 221.3% | volatile |
| 144 | Monaco | -5.01 Percentage change | 2025 | up 21.5% | volatile |
| 145 | South West England | -5.04 Percentage change | 2025 | down 354.5% | volatile |
| 146 | Bahamas | -5.18 Percentage change | 2025 | up 42.0% | volatile |
| 147 | Cyprus | -5.28 Percentage change | 2025 | down 145.8% | volatile |
| 148 | Cuba | -5.3 Percentage change | 2025 | up 42.6% | volatile |
| 149 | Sierra Leone | -5.4 Percentage change | 2025 | down 40.7% | volatile |
| 150 | Belgium | -5.46 Percentage change | 2025 | down 3,811.3% | volatile |
| 151 | Mongolia | -5.5 Percentage change | 2025 | up 55.1% | volatile |
| 152 | Hungary | -5.55 Percentage change | 2025 | down 202.1% | volatile |
| 153 | Rwanda | -5.64 Percentage change | 2025 | down 267.6% | volatile |
| 154 | Nigeria | -5.73 Percentage change | 2025 | down 81.7% | volatile |
| 155 | North Rhine-Westphalia | -5.82 Percentage change | 2025 | down 356.3% | volatile |
| 156 | Pays de la Loire | -5.88 Percentage change | 2025 | down 1,102.4% | volatile |
| 157 | Argentina | -5.89 Percentage change | 2025 | down 49.3% | volatile |
| 158 | Hong Kong, China | -5.98 Percentage change | 2025 | up 41.9% | volatile |
| 159 | Georgia | -6.11 Percentage change | 2025 | down 93.5% | volatile |
| 160 | Bolivia, Plurinational State of | -6.2 Percentage change | 2025 | down 359.4% | volatile |
| 161 | Hauts-de-France | -6.42 Percentage change | 2025 | down 233.8% | volatile |
| 162 | North East England | -6.59 Percentage change | 2025 | down 432.9% | volatile |
| 163 | Mali | -6.69 Percentage change | 2025 | down 1,242.9% | volatile |
| 164 | Kyrgyzstan | -6.71 Percentage change | 2025 | down 382.3% | volatile |
| 165 | Chugoku | -6.75 Percentage change | 2025 | down 1,031.8% | volatile |
| 166 | Normandy | -6.81 Percentage change | 2025 | down 764.8% | volatile |
| 167 | Northern-Kanto, Koshin | -6.84 Percentage change | 2025 | down 111.7% | volatile |
| 168 | Toukai | -6.92 Percentage change | 2025 | down 146.8% | volatile |
| 169 | Brazil | -6.93 Percentage change | 2025 | down 72.8% | volatile |
| 170 | Burkina Faso | -7.27 Percentage change | 2025 | down 750.9% | volatile |
| 171 | Kansai region | -7.39 Percentage change | 2025 | down 279.5% | volatile |
| 172 | South East England | -7.41 Percentage change | 2025 | down 2,768.2% | volatile |
| 173 | Tanzania, United Republic of | -7.52 Percentage change | 2025 | down 323.9% | volatile |
| 174 | Yorkshire and The Humber | -7.74 Percentage change | 2025 | down 445.0% | volatile |
| 175 | Shikoku | -7.79 Percentage change | 2025 | down 1,483.4% | volatile |
| 176 | Ukraine | -7.91 Percentage change | 2025 | down 17.8% | volatile |
| 177 | Kenya | -8.08 Percentage change | 2025 | down 529.6% | volatile |
| 178 | Cameroon | -8.11 Percentage change | 2025 | down 117.6% | volatile |
| 179 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | -8.15 Percentage change | 2025 | up 40.9% | volatile |
| 180 | Grenada | -8.38 Percentage change | 2025 | up 31.9% | volatile |
| 181 | Barbados | -8.41 Percentage change | 2025 | up 19.0% | volatile |
| 182 | Paraguay | -8.73 Percentage change | 2025 | down 467.9% | volatile |
| 183 | Greater London | -9.06 Percentage change | 2025 | down 651.9% | volatile |
| 184 | Comoros | -9.29 Percentage change | 2025 | down 15.6% | volatile |
| 185 | West Midlands | -9.38 Percentage change | 2025 | down 669.4% | volatile |
| 186 | East Midlands | -9.5 Percentage change | 2025 | down 517.9% | volatile |
| 187 | Benin | -9.6 Percentage change | 2025 | down 217.5% | volatile |
| 188 | Congo | -9.96 Percentage change | 2025 | down 55.1% | volatile |
| 189 | Côte d’Ivoire | -10.2 Percentage change | 2025 | down 192.0% | volatile |
| 190 | East of England | -10.25 Percentage change | 2025 | down 421.5% | volatile |
| 191 | Pakistan | -10.53 Percentage change | 2025 | down 246.6% | volatile |
| 192 | Armenia | -10.94 Percentage change | 2025 | down 3,214.8% | volatile |
| 193 | Chad | -10.96 Percentage change | 2025 | down 0.7% | volatile |
| 194 | Uganda | -11.7 Percentage change | 2025 | down 210.4% | volatile |
| 195 | Southern-Kanto | -11.71 Percentage change | 2025 | down 376.3% | volatile |
| 196 | Togo | -11.71 Percentage change | 2025 | down 325.4% | volatile |
| 197 | Lebanon | -12.11 Percentage change | 2025 | down 345.1% | volatile |
| 198 | Eritrea | -12.24 Percentage change | 2025 | up 44.0% | volatile |
| 199 | Azerbaijan | -12.64 Percentage change | 2025 | down 256.0% | volatile |
| 200 | Tajikistan | -13.2 Percentage change | 2025 | down 353.0% | volatile |
| 201 | Ghana | -13.57 Percentage change | 2025 | down 163.4% | volatile |
| 202 | Tunisia | -14.25 Percentage change | 2025 | down 330.9% | volatile |
| 203 | Sudan | -15.6 Percentage change | 2025 | down 31.0% | volatile |
| 204 | Israel | -15.63 Percentage change | 2025 | down 927.1% | volatile |
| 205 | Aruba | -16.08 Percentage change | 2025 | up 42.3% | volatile |
| 206 | Palestine, State of | -16.31 Percentage change | 2025 | down 720.6% | volatile |
| 207 | Mayotte | -16.93 Percentage change | 2025 | down 194.3% | volatile |
| 208 | Sao Tome and Principe | -16.99 Percentage change | 2025 | down 40.2% | volatile |
| 209 | Central African Republic | -17.69 Percentage change | 2025 | down 134.3% | volatile |
| 210 | South Sudan | -18.33 Percentage change | 2025 | down 167.1% | volatile |
| 211 | Uzbekistan | -18.62 Percentage change | 2025 | down 1,198.6% | volatile |
| 212 | Morocco | -19.84 Percentage change | 2025 | down 313.8% | volatile |
| 213 | Afghanistan | -19.95 Percentage change | 2025 | down 437.3% | volatile |
| 214 | Egypt | -20.54 Percentage change | 2025 | down 855.1% | volatile |
| 215 | Montserrat | -23.7 Percentage change | 2025 | up 5.5% | volatile |
| 216 | Cayman Islands | -26.41 Percentage change | 2025 | down 82.1% | volatile |
| 217 | Algeria | -26.91 Percentage change | 2025 | down 639.6% | volatile |
| 218 | Somalia | -28.64 Percentage change | 2025 | down 396.1% | volatile |
| 219 | Iran, Islamic Republic of | -30.46 Percentage change | 2025 | down 547.4% | volatile |
| 220 | Turkmenistan | -34.8 Percentage change | 2025 | down 491.8% | volatile |
| 221 | Libya | -35.17 Percentage change | 2025 | down 437.8% | volatile |
| 222 | Yemen | -36.73 Percentage change | 2025 | down 7.7% | volatile |
| 223 | Iraq | -38.03 Percentage change | 2025 | down 352.6% | volatile |
| 224 | Jordan | -40.96 Percentage change | 2025 | down 1,855.3% | volatile |
| 225 | Bahrain | -43.7 Percentage change | 2025 | down 1,048.5% | volatile |
| 226 | Saudi Arabia | -52.52 Percentage change | 2025 | down 148.7% | volatile |
| 227 | Djibouti | -57.06 Percentage change | 2025 | down 33.8% | volatile |
| 228 | Kuwait | -57.51 Percentage change | 2025 | down 80.8% | volatile |
| 229 | Qatar | -61.67 Percentage change | 2025 | down 397.1% | volatile |
| 230 | Western Sahara | -62.29 Percentage change | 2025 | down 163.3% | volatile |
| 231 | Oman | -62.46 Percentage change | 2025 | down 23.7% | volatile |
| 232 | United Arab Emirates | -80.98 Percentage change | 2025 | down 43.6% | volatile |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Lesotho 7.08 Percentage change
- Eswatini 5.34 Percentage change
- Lithuania 1.73 Percentage change
- Fiji 0.6759 Percentage change
- Croatia -1.13 Percentage change
- Slovenia -1.53 Percentage change
- China (People's Republic of) -1.86 Percentage change
- Slovak Republic -2.07 Percentage change
- Madagascar -3.85 Percentage change
- Poland -4.02 Percentage change
- Equatorial Guinea -4.05 Percentage change
- Korea -5.6 Percentage change
About this data
The dataset provides annual anomalies in land and cropland soil moisture content of the top soil layer (0 to 7 cm) compared to the reference period 1981-2010. Exposure indicators to drought have been prepared by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Please see the working paper for a more complete description of the methods. The datasets span the period 1981-2024 and is the result of the use of a variety of geospatial data sources, including the ERA5-Land averaged monthly data of volumetric soil moisture and ESA CCI land cover data. Average anomalies have been calculated for both land and cropland exposure to drought. The dataset has a global coverage on a national level; on the sub-national TL2 level (i.e. large subnational regions) results are reported for all OECD countries as well as for Argentina, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia and South Africa. A number of aggregates are included: Euro area, European Union, Advanced economies, Emerging market economies, G7, G20, OECD, OECD Europe, OECD Asia Oceania, OECD Americas and the LAC region. Data source(s): Copernicus Climate Change Initiative land cover data and Copernicus Climate Data Store monthly soil moisture data based on the ERA5-Land reanalysis dataset. Contact: ENV.Stat@oecd.org