Municipal water withdrawal by country
Water withdrawn each year for direct use by the population, usually measured as the total supplied by the public distribution network.
Countries reporting
183
Highest
124.85 billion cubic meters
China
Lowest
4.80 million cubic meters
Comoros
Median
375.60 million cubic meters
Years covered
59
1965–2023
Data points
6,389
What the numbers show
Municipal water withdrawal is currently reported for 183 countries. The highest value is 124.85 billion cubic meters in China; the lowest is 4.80 million cubic meters in Comoros.
The median across all reporting countries is 375.60 million cubic meters, and the mean is 2.93 billion cubic meters.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 26,010.
Over the past decade 65 countries rose and 40 fell. The largest increase was in Iraq (up 391.7%), and the largest decrease in Singapore (down 56.4%).
Municipal water withdrawal: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | China | 124.85 billion cubic meters | 2023 | up 66.4% | volatile |
| 2 | United States | 58.39 billion cubic meters | 2023 | down 2.5% | flat |
| 3 | India | 56.00 billion cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 4 | Indonesia | 23.80 billion cubic meters | 2023 | up 12.7% | rising |
| 5 | Russia | 17.15 billion cubic meters | 2023 | up 38.9% | rising |
| 6 | Brazil | 15.63 billion cubic meters | 2023 | down 5.5% | rising |
| 7 | Japan | 14.40 billion cubic meters | 2023 | down 4.0% | flat |
| 8 | Mexico | 13.33 billion cubic meters | 2023 | up 11.5% | rising |
| 9 | Egypt | 10.75 billion cubic meters | 2023 | up 10.8% | rising |
| 10 | Pakistan | 9.65 billion cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | volatile |
| 11 | Philippines | 9.61 billion cubic meters | 2023 | up 28.6% | rising |
| 12 | Germany | 9.55 billion cubic meters | 2023 | down 13.3% | falling |
| 13 | Italy | 9.15 billion cubic meters | 2023 | down 3.7% | rising |
| 14 | Iraq | 7.45 billion cubic meters | 2023 | up 391.7% | volatile |
| 15 | Turkey | 7.14 billion cubic meters | 2023 | up 40.5% | rising |
| 16 | South Korea | 6.67 billion cubic meters | 2023 | down 8.1% | rising |
| 17 | United Kingdom | 6.23 billion cubic meters | 2023 | up 12.7% | falling |
| 18 | Iran | 6.20 billion cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 19 | Argentina | 5.85 billion cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 20 | France | 5.28 billion cubic meters | 2023 | down 3.7% | falling |
| 21 | Venezuela | 5.12 billion cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 22 | Nigeria | 5.00 billion cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 23 | Canada | 4.87 billion cubic meters | 2023 | down 3.3% | falling |
| 24 | Spain | 4.56 billion cubic meters | 2023 | down 1.5% | falling |
| 25 | Kazakhstan | 4.23 billion cubic meters | 2023 | up 85.0% | rising |
| 26 | South Africa | 4.23 billion cubic meters | 2023 | up 1.1% | rising |
| 27 | Bangladesh | 3.60 billion cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 28 | Colombia | 3.56 billion cubic meters | 2023 | up 3.9% | rising |
| 29 | Saudi Arabia | 3.39 billion cubic meters | 2023 | up 24.2% | rising |
| 30 | Algeria | 3.39 billion cubic meters | 2023 | up 11.2% | rising |
| 31 | Myanmar | 3.32 billion cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 32 | Peru | 3.32 billion cubic meters | 2023 | up 111.3% | rising |
| 33 | United Arab Emirates | 2.76 billion cubic meters | 2023 | up 35.3% | volatile |
| 34 | Thailand | 2.74 billion cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 35 | Uzbekistan | 2.30 billion cubic meters | 2023 | down 9.1% | falling |
| 36 | Netherlands | 2.15 billion cubic meters | 2023 | up 76.3% | rising |
| 37 | Poland | 2.11 billion cubic meters | 2023 | up 6.1% | falling |
| 38 | Australia | 2.04 billion cubic meters | 2023 | down 52.1% | falling |
| 39 | Ukraine | 1.86 billion cubic meters | 2023 | down 32.4% | falling |
| 40 | Cuba | 1.70 billion cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 41 | Syria | 1.48 billion cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 42 | Greece | 1.35 billion cubic meters | 2023 | down 11.2% | rising |
| 43 | Malaysia | 1.34 billion cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 44 | Romania | 1.29 billion cubic meters | 2023 | up 32.1% | falling |
| 45 | Ecuador | 1.29 billion cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 46 | Chile | 1.29 billion cubic meters | 2023 | up 0.5% | rising |
| 47 | Ireland | 1.25 billion cubic meters | 2023 | up 94.6% | rising |
| 48 | Vietnam | 1.18 billion cubic meters | 2023 | down 0.5% | falling |
| 49 | Costa Rica | 1.11 billion cubic meters | 2023 | up 86.2% | rising |
| 50 | Morocco | 1.06 billion cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | falling |
| 51 | Israel | 1.00 billion cubic meters | 2023 | up 23.2% | rising |
| 52 | Sudan | 950.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | flat |
| 53 | Switzerland | 930.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | up 1.4% | falling |
| 54 | Portugal | 920.03 million cubic meters | 2023 | up 2.1% | rising |
| 55 | Tajikistan | 912.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | up 105.4% | rising |
| 56 | North Korea | 902.80 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | flat |
| 57 | Tunisia | 883.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | up 51.2% | rising |
| 58 | Dominican Republic | 855.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 59 | Guatemala | 835.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 60 | Bulgaria | 832.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | down 11.7% | rising |
| 61 | Ethiopia | 810.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 62 | Austria | 806.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | up 7.7% | rising |
| 63 | Sri Lanka | 805.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 64 | Puerto Rico | 796.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | down 6.7% | rising |
| 65 | Norway | 773.41 million cubic meters | 2023 | down 7.7% | flat |
| 66 | Zambia | 760.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | up 36.6% | rising |
| 67 | Panama | 759.10 million cubic meters | 2023 | up 3.6% | rising |
| 68 | Belgium | 740.19 million cubic meters | 2023 | up 1.0% | falling |
| 69 | Hungary | 714.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | up 20.1% | falling |
| 70 | Libya | 700.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 71 | Sweden | 699.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | down 28.7% | falling |
| 72 | Serbia | 686.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | up 4.3% | flat |
| 73 | Belarus | 629.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | up 15.0% | falling |
| 74 | Kenya | 626.74 million cubic meters | 2023 | down 47.2% | rising |
| 75 | Czechia | 597.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | down 3.5% | falling |
| 76 | Qatar | 582.86 million cubic meters | 2023 | up 21.7% | volatile |
| 77 | New Zealand | 576.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | down 8.4% | falling |
| 78 | Zimbabwe | 547.08 million cubic meters | 2023 | down 5.6% | rising |
| 79 | Armenia | 542.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | up 0.2% | falling |
| 80 | El Salvador | 530.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | up 38.8% | rising |
| 81 | Tanzania | 527.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 82 | Georgia | 504.96 million cubic meters | 2023 | down 30.1% | rising |
| 83 | Finland | 500.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | up 20.5% | rising |
| 84 | Jordan | 497.37 million cubic meters | 2023 | up 30.5% | rising |
| 85 | Croatia | 471.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | down 3.9% | falling |
| 86 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 464.90 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 87 | Turkmenistan | 453.50 million cubic meters | 2023 | down 40.2% | rising |
| 88 | Kuwait | 448.30 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 89 | Uruguay | 423.18 million cubic meters | 2023 | up 1.6% | rising |
| 90 | Azerbaijan | 408.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | down 15.7% | falling |
| 91 | Denmark | 391.75 million cubic meters | 2023 | down 2.1% | falling |
| 92 | Burkina Faso | 375.60 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | volatile |
| 93 | Mozambique | 372.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | up 6.8% | rising |
| 94 | Paraguay | 362.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | volatile |
| 95 | Jamaica | 339.87 million cubic meters | 2023 | up 13.8% | rising |
| 96 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 330.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | down 7.0% | falling |
| 97 | Uganda | 328.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | volatile |
| 98 | Cote d'Ivoire | 320.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | down 9.9% | rising |
| 99 | Angola | 319.50 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 100 | Honduras | 315.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 101 | Mauritius | 313.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | up 42.3% | volatile |
| 102 | Slovakia | 306.21 million cubic meters | 2023 | up 3.8% | falling |
| 103 | North Macedonia | 305.40 million cubic meters | 2023 | up 31.8% | rising |
| 104 | Ghana | 299.60 million cubic meters | 2023 | up 19.4% | rising |
| 105 | Bahrain | 275.60 million cubic meters | 2023 | up 4.1% | rising |
| 106 | Yemen | 265.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 107 | Senegal | 261.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | up 16.0% | rising |
| 108 | Bolivia | 252.91 million cubic meters | 2023 | up 38.6% | rising |
| 109 | Cameroon | 246.80 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 110 | Palestine | 245.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | up 40.0% | rising |
| 111 | Lebanon | 240.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | down 10.4% | rising |
| 112 | Trinidad and Tobago | 237.60 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 113 | Guinea | 230.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | up 0.9% | rising |
| 113 | Rwanda | 230.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | up 45.8% | volatile |
| 115 | Albania | 226.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | down 32.8% | falling |
| 116 | Kyrgyzstan | 224.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | falling |
| 117 | Papua New Guinea | 223.50 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 118 | Afghanistan | 203.40 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | falling |
| 119 | Singapore | 198.21 million cubic meters | 2023 | down 56.4% | volatile |
| 120 | Niger | 193.25 million cubic meters | 2023 | up 77.9% | rising |
| 121 | South Sudan | 193.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | flat |
| 122 | Haiti | 190.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 122 | Nicaragua | 190.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | down 21.6% | falling |
| 124 | Slovenia | 183.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | up 11.6% | falling |
| 125 | Moldova | 160.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | up 10.3% | falling |
| 126 | Cape Verde | 155.90 million cubic meters | 2023 | up 45.3% | volatile |
| 127 | Brunei | 151.50 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 128 | Nepal | 147.60 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | falling |
| 129 | Benin | 145.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | down 0.4% | volatile |
| 130 | Malawi | 143.10 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 131 | Togo | 140.70 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 132 | Lithuania | 136.78 million cubic meters | 2023 | up 39.7% | falling |
| 133 | Laos | 130.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 133 | Oman | 130.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 135 | Botswana | 127.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | up 45.3% | rising |
| 136 | Montenegro | 121.32 million cubic meters | 2023 | up 13.6% | rising |
| 137 | Madagascar | 120.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | down 54.2% | flat |
| 138 | Cyprus | 116.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | up 37.9% | rising |
| 139 | Sierra Leone | 111.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 140 | Mali | 107.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 141 | Chad | 103.70 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 142 | East Timor | 99.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 143 | Cambodia | 98.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 144 | Mauritania | 95.40 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 145 | Latvia | 87.36 million cubic meters | 2023 | down 45.2% | falling |
| 146 | Gabon | 84.70 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 147 | Liberia | 80.20 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 148 | Iceland | 80.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | down 7.0% | falling |
| 149 | Estonia | 64.39 million cubic meters | 2023 | up 8.0% | falling |
| 150 | Congo | 63.70 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 151 | Namibia | 61.57 million cubic meters | 2023 | down 1.3% | falling |
| 152 | Guyana | 61.30 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 153 | Central African Republic | 60.10 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 154 | Suriname | 49.30 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 155 | Mongolia | 45.30 million cubic meters | 2023 | down 38.5% | falling |
| 156 | Luxembourg | 43.53 million cubic meters | 2023 | up 6.7% | falling |
| 157 | Eswatini | 41.30 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 158 | Burundi | 41.25 million cubic meters | 2023 | up 2.9% | falling |
| 159 | Gambia | 41.20 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 160 | Malta | 40.91 million cubic meters | 2023 | up 167.4% | rising |
| 161 | Guinea-Bissau | 34.10 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 162 | Bahamas | 31.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 162 | Eritrea | 31.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | falling |
| 164 | Fiji | 25.30 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 165 | Barbados | 20.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | flat |
| 165 | Lesotho | 20.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 167 | Dominica | 19.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | flat |
| 168 | Bhutan | 17.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 169 | Djibouti | 16.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 170 | Equatorial Guinea | 15.80 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 171 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 15.40 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | flat |
| 172 | Somalia | 15.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | falling |
| 173 | Sao Tome and Principe | 14.70 million cubic meters | 2023 | down 2.6% | flat |
| 174 | Saint Lucia | 12.50 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | flat |
| 175 | Grenada | 12.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | flat |
| 176 | Belize | 11.40 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 177 | Seychelles | 9.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | falling |
| 178 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 8.50 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | flat |
| 179 | Liechtenstein | 7.90 million cubic meters | 2023 | up 2.6% | flat |
| 180 | Antigua and Barbuda | 7.20 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 181 | Maldives | 5.60 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 182 | Monaco | 5.00 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | falling |
| 183 | Comoros | 4.80 million cubic meters | 2023 | unchanged | flat |
About this data
Water withdrawn each year for direct use by the population, usually measured as the total supplied by the public distribution network.