Standardised Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index in Estonia
Estonia: Standardised Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index was 0.4321 in 2023. ◆ Volatile
Standardised Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index in Estonia, 1960–2023
Source: Global SPEI database (SPEIbase). https://spei.csic.es/database.html.
Analysis
In 2023, standardised precipitation-evapotranspiration index in Estonia stood at 0.4321.
The figure is up 147.7% on the previous year and up 161.3% over ten years.
Over the whole period, standardised precipitation-evapotranspiration index in Estonia peaked at 2.04 in 2012 and was at its lowest, -2.2, in 2002.
Estonia ranks 37th of 189 countries on this measure, in the top quarter.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Standardised Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index in Estonia, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1960 | 0.2938 | — |
| 1961 | 0.2662 | -9.4% |
| 1962 | 1.93 | +623.2% |
| 1963 | -1.54 | -180.0% |
| 1964 | -1.55 | +0.8% |
| 1965 | -0.8141 | -47.6% |
| 1966 | 0.8703 | -206.9% |
| 1967 | 0.2703 | -68.9% |
| 1968 | -1.02 | -476.2% |
| 1969 | -1.61 | +58.4% |
| 1970 | -0.1213 | -92.5% |
| 1971 | -1.02 | +743.6% |
| 1972 | -0.7557 | -26.2% |
| 1973 | -0.4706 | -37.7% |
| 1974 | 0.2213 | -147.0% |
| 1975 | -1.63 | -834.7% |
| 1976 | -1.42 | -12.5% |
| 1977 | 0.9193 | -164.6% |
| 1978 | 1.35 | +46.8% |
| 1979 | -0.0749 | -105.5% |
| 1980 | 0.5999 | -900.9% |
| 1981 | 2.04 | +239.5% |
| 1982 | -0.6523 | -132.0% |
| 1983 | 0.4986 | -176.4% |
| 1984 | -0.0977 | -119.6% |
| 1985 | 1.19 | -1314.7% |
| 1986 | 0.6284 | -47.1% |
| 1987 | 1.16 | +84.5% |
| 1988 | 0.5405 | -53.4% |
| 1989 | 0.103 | -80.9% |
| 1990 | 1.54 | +1398.6% |
| 1991 | 0.8373 | -45.8% |
| 1992 | -0.9752 | -216.5% |
| 1993 | -0.1231 | -87.4% |
| 1994 | -0.3164 | +157.0% |
| 1995 | 0.0058 | -101.8% |
| 1996 | -0.8282 | -14379.3% |
| 1997 | -0.1501 | -81.9% |
| 1998 | 1.44 | -1058.3% |
| 1999 | -1.34 | -193.0% |
| 2000 | 0.1909 | -114.3% |
| 2001 | 1.05 | +452.5% |
| 2002 | -2.2 | -308.3% |
| 2003 | 0.0521 | -102.4% |
| 2004 | 1.02 | +1851.4% |
| 2005 | -0.1181 | -111.6% |
| 2006 | -1.33 | +1023.6% |
| 2007 | 0.2355 | -117.7% |
| 2008 | 1.29 | +446.2% |
| 2009 | 0.7556 | -41.3% |
| 2010 | 0.9574 | +26.7% |
| 2011 | -0.1096 | -111.4% |
| 2012 | 2.04 | -1959.5% |
| 2013 | -0.7051 | -134.6% |
| 2014 | -0.4325 | -38.7% |
| 2015 | -0.9746 | +125.3% |
| 2016 | 0.6924 | -171.0% |
| 2017 | 1.73 | +149.4% |
| 2018 | -1.78 | -203.1% |
| 2019 | 0.2045 | -111.5% |
| 2020 | -0.1461 | -171.4% |
| 2021 | -0.0116 | -92.1% |
| 2022 | -0.9055 | +7706.0% |
| 2023 | 0.4321 | -147.7% |
Estonia compared with similar countries
- Estonia's 0.4321 is above the median for high income countries, which is -0.3666. (63 countries reporting)
- Estonia's 0.4321 is above the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is -0.2017. (52 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Standardised Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index in Estonia changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1996 | -14379.3% | 0.0058 | -0.8282 |
| 2022 | -7706.0% | -0.0116 | -0.9055 |
| 2012 | +1959.5% | -0.1096 | 2.04 |
| 2004 | +1851.4% | 0.0521 | 1.02 |
| 1990 | +1398.6% | 0.103 | 1.54 |
| 1985 | +1314.7% | -0.0977 | 1.19 |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1960s | -0.2909 | -1.61 | 1.93 | 10 |
| 1970s | -0.3005 | -1.63 | 1.35 | 10 |
| 1980s | 0.6003 | -0.6523 | 2.04 | 10 |
| 1990s | 0.0094 | -1.34 | 1.54 | 10 |
| 2000s | 0.095 | -2.2 | 1.29 | 10 |
| 2010s | 0.1616 | -1.78 | 2.04 | 10 |
| 2020s | -0.1578 | -0.9055 | 0.4321 | 4 |
Countries ranked near Estonia
More environment data for Estonia
- Standard Deviation, annual growth rate 0 % change on previous year (2025)
- Standard Deviation 0.899 °C (2025)
- Temperature change 2.78 °C (2025)
- Wood-based panels — Production, annual growth rate 7 % change on previous year (2024)
- Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (Mt CO2e), annual -5.71 % change on previous year (2024)
- Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (Mt CO2e), per unit 0 Mt CO2e per US$ of GDP (2024)
- Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (Mt CO2e), per capita 0 Mt CO2e per person (2024)
- Methane (CH4) emissions from Agriculture (Mt CO2e), annual growth rate -0.0832 % change on previous year (2024)
- Methane (CH4) emissions from Agriculture (Mt CO2e), per unit of GDP 0 Mt CO2e per US$ of GDP (2024)
- Methane (CH4) emissions from Agriculture (Mt CO2e), per capita 0 Mt CO2e per person (2024)
Frequently asked questions
- What is standardised precipitation-evapotranspiration index in Estonia?
- Standardised precipitation-evapotranspiration index in Estonia was 0.4321 in 2023, according to Global SPEI database (SPEIbase). https://spei.csic.es/database.html.
- What is the highest standardised precipitation-evapotranspiration index recorded in Estonia?
- The highest recorded value was 2.04 in 2012.
- What is the lowest standardised precipitation-evapotranspiration index recorded in Estonia?
- The lowest recorded value was -2.2 in 2002.
- How does Estonia rank for standardised precipitation-evapotranspiration index?
- Estonia ranks 37th out of 189 countries with data for 2023.
- Is standardised precipitation-evapotranspiration index rising or falling in Estonia?
- Over the last ten years it is up 161.3%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Estonia data come from?
- The figures come from Global SPEI database (SPEIbase). https://spei.csic.es/database.html, published as part of Standardised Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 64 observations, free to reuse under CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data).
About this data
The SPEI fulfills the requirements of a drought index since its multi-scalar character enables it to be used by different scientific disciplines to detect, monitor, and analyze droughts. Like the sc-PDSI and the SPI, the SPEI can measure drought severity according to its intensity and duration, and can identify the onset and end of drought episodes. The SPEI allows comparison of drought severity through time and space, since it can be calculated over a wide range of climates, as can the SPI.