Standard Deviation by country
The FAOSTAT Temperature change on land domain disseminates statistics of mean surface temperature change by country, with annual updates. Statistics are available for monthly, seasonal and annual mean temperature anomalies, i.e., temperature change with respect to a baseline climatology, corresponding to the period...
Countries reporting
247
Highest
1.46 °C
Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands
Lowest
0.147 °C
Micronesia
Median
0.331 °C
Years covered
65
1961–2025
Data points
16,797
What the numbers show
Standard Deviation is currently reported for 247 countries. The highest value is 1.46 °C in Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands; the lowest is 0.147 °C in Micronesia.
The median across all reporting countries is 0.331 °C, and the mean is 0.394 °C.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 10.
Over the past decade 10 countries rose and 1 fell. The largest increase was in Turks and Caicos Islands (up 111.7%), and the largest decrease in Tokelau (down 26.1%).
Standard Deviation: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands | 1.46 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 2 | Finland | 0.986 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 3 | Estonia | 0.899 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 4 | Lithuania | 0.889 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 5 | Latvia | 0.883 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 6 | Belarus | 0.869 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 7 | Sweden | 0.852 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 8 | Turks and Caicos Islands | 0.832 °C | 1993 | up 111.7% | rising |
| 9 | Kazakhstan | 0.801 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 10 | Ukraine | 0.795 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 11 | Poland | 0.777 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 12 | Midway Island | 0.771 °C | 2009 | unchanged | rising |
| 13 | Armenia | 0.764 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 14 | Georgia | 0.75 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 15 | Uzbekistan | 0.74 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 16 | Norway | 0.738 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 17 | Republic of Moldova | 0.733 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 18 | Turkmenistan | 0.705 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 19 | Denmark | 0.696 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 20 | Azerbaijan | 0.689 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 21 | Saint Pierre and Miquelon | 0.685 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 22 | Falkland Islands (Malvinas) | 0.66 °C | 1982 | up 109.5% | rising |
| 23 | Slovakia | 0.652 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 24 | Canada | 0.642 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 25 | Romania | 0.634 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 26 | Czechoslovakia | 0.633 °C | 1992 | unchanged | flat |
| 27 | Czechia | 0.63 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 27 | Hungary | 0.63 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 29 | Türkiye | 0.628 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 30 | Netherlands (Kingdom of the) | 0.617 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 31 | Germany | 0.613 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 32 | Tajikistan | 0.61 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 33 | Greenland | 0.605 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 34 | Mongolia | 0.602 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 35 | Luxembourg | 0.601 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 36 | Serbia | 0.594 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 37 | Nauru | 0.589 °C | 1992 | unchanged | flat |
| 38 | Barbados | 0.587 °C | 2023 | up 111.2% | rising |
| 38 | Iceland | 0.587 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 40 | Russian Federation | 0.586 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 40 | Belgium-Luxembourg | 0.586 °C | 1999 | unchanged | flat |
| 42 | Kyrgyzstan | 0.581 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 43 | Belgium | 0.574 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 44 | Bulgaria | 0.573 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 44 | Pitcairn | 0.573 °C | 2011 | up 74.2% | rising |
| 46 | Syrian Arab Republic | 0.561 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 47 | Serbia and Montenegro | 0.559 °C | 2005 | unchanged | flat |
| 48 | Iraq | 0.549 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 49 | Afghanistan | 0.547 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 50 | Jordan | 0.533 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 51 | Eritrea | 0.531 °C | 2023 | up 57.1% | flat |
| 52 | Montenegro | 0.53 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 53 | Austria | 0.529 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 54 | Slovenia | 0.523 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 55 | Morocco | 0.521 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 56 | Kuwait | 0.516 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 57 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0.509 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 58 | Republic of Korea | 0.504 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 59 | Western Sahara | 0.503 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 60 | Lebanon | 0.5 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 60 | Yugoslav SFR | 0.5 °C | 1991 | unchanged | flat |
| 62 | Democratic People's Republic of Korea | 0.499 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 63 | Iran (Islamic Republic of) | 0.488 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 64 | Croatia | 0.487 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 64 | USSR | 0.487 °C | 1991 | unchanged | flat |
| 66 | Jersey | 0.486 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 67 | Channel Islands | 0.484 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 68 | North Macedonia | 0.483 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 68 | Guernsey | 0.483 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 70 | Israel | 0.477 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 70 | Palestine | 0.477 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 72 | Antarctica | 0.474 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 73 | Faroe Islands | 0.468 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 74 | Liechtenstein | 0.466 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 75 | Mauritania | 0.465 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 76 | Cyprus | 0.462 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 77 | Switzerland | 0.458 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 78 | Paraguay | 0.45 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 79 | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 0.444 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 80 | Portugal | 0.44 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 81 | Isle of Man | 0.438 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 82 | Albania | 0.434 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 83 | Senegal | 0.432 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 84 | Gibraltar | 0.43 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 84 | Greece | 0.43 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 86 | France | 0.427 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 87 | Saudi Arabia | 0.424 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 88 | Cabo Verde | 0.422 °C | 2025 | unchanged | falling |
| 89 | Tunisia | 0.421 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 90 | Andorra | 0.417 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 91 | Ireland | 0.412 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 92 | Spain | 0.402 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 93 | Algeria | 0.401 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 93 | Mali | 0.401 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 95 | Ecuador | 0.4 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 96 | Bahrain | 0.397 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 97 | Qatar | 0.396 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 98 | Niue | 0.395 °C | 1993 | up 63.2% | flat |
| 99 | Yemen | 0.393 °C | 1998 | up 43.4% | rising |
| 99 | French Southern Territories | 0.393 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 101 | Libya | 0.386 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 102 | Uruguay | 0.385 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 103 | Botswana | 0.381 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 104 | New Zealand | 0.379 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 105 | Pakistan | 0.373 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 106 | Gambia | 0.366 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 107 | Malta | 0.365 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 108 | Egypt | 0.361 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 108 | San Marino | 0.361 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 108 | China, Hong Kong SAR | 0.361 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 108 | China, Macao SAR | 0.361 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 112 | Japan | 0.358 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 113 | South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands | 0.35 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 114 | Australia | 0.345 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 115 | China, Taiwan Province of | 0.342 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 116 | Holy See | 0.341 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 117 | Aruba | 0.339 °C | 2020 | unchanged | flat |
| 118 | Monaco | 0.338 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 119 | Australia and New Zealand | 0.335 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 120 | Niger | 0.334 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 120 | Oman | 0.334 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 122 | Mayotte | 0.332 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 123 | United Arab Emirates | 0.331 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 123 | Burkina Faso | 0.331 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 125 | Sudan | 0.327 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 126 | Italy | 0.324 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 127 | Eswatini | 0.321 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 128 | Namibia | 0.319 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 129 | Lao People's Democratic Republic | 0.318 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 130 | New Caledonia | 0.314 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 131 | Timor-Leste | 0.313 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 132 | OECD | 0.312 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 133 | Zimbabwe | 0.311 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 134 | Argentina | 0.306 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 134 | Thailand | 0.306 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 136 | Bolivia (Plurinational State of) | 0.304 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 137 | Guinea-Bissau | 0.303 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 137 | Viet Nam | 0.303 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 139 | Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) | 0.301 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 140 | Guyana | 0.299 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 141 | Madagascar | 0.297 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 141 | Netherlands Antilles (former) | 0.297 °C | 2010 | unchanged | flat |
| 143 | Norfolk Island | 0.296 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 144 | Mauritius | 0.295 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 144 | Peru | 0.295 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 146 | Djibouti | 0.289 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 146 | Ethiopia PDR | 0.289 °C | 1992 | unchanged | flat |
| 148 | Cambodia | 0.288 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 149 | Belize | 0.287 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 149 | Sudan (former) | 0.287 °C | 2011 | unchanged | flat |
| 151 | Guinea | 0.285 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 152 | Burundi | 0.284 °C | 2013 | up 4.0% | rising |
| 152 | Jamaica | 0.284 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 152 | Lesotho | 0.284 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 152 | Cocos (Keeling) Islands | 0.284 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 156 | South Sudan | 0.283 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 157 | Nigeria | 0.281 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 158 | China | 0.279 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 158 | China, mainland | 0.279 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 160 | Cuba | 0.278 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 160 | Somalia | 0.278 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 162 | Panama | 0.274 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 162 | Chad | 0.274 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 164 | Guatemala | 0.273 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 164 | Haiti | 0.273 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 166 | Dominican Republic | 0.272 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 166 | Ethiopia | 0.272 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 166 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 0.272 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 169 | Grenada | 0.271 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 170 | Antigua and Barbuda | 0.27 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 170 | Kenya | 0.27 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 170 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 0.27 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 170 | French Polynesia | 0.27 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 170 | El Salvador | 0.27 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 170 | Trinidad and Tobago | 0.27 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 170 | Montserrat | 0.27 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 177 | Benin | 0.268 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 177 | Puerto Rico | 0.268 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 177 | Rwanda | 0.268 °C | 2013 | up 12.6% | rising |
| 180 | Colombia | 0.267 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 180 | United States Virgin Islands | 0.267 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 182 | Chile | 0.266 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 183 | Nepal | 0.265 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 183 | British Virgin Islands | 0.265 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 183 | Zambia | 0.265 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 186 | Comoros | 0.264 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 186 | Anguilla | 0.264 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 188 | Bahamas | 0.262 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 189 | Ghana | 0.26 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 190 | Guadeloupe | 0.259 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 191 | Dominica | 0.258 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 191 | Seychelles | 0.258 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 193 | Bhutan | 0.257 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 193 | Costa Rica | 0.257 °C | 2025 | unchanged | falling |
| 193 | Saint Lucia | 0.257 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 193 | Martinique | 0.257 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 197 | Mozambique | 0.256 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 198 | Togo | 0.255 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 198 | Uganda | 0.255 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 198 | Tokelau | 0.255 °C | 2010 | down 26.1% | rising |
| 198 | Côte d'Ivoire | 0.255 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 202 | India | 0.254 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 202 | Malawi | 0.254 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 204 | Singapore | 0.253 °C | 1990 | up 42.9% | rising |
| 204 | United Republic of Tanzania | 0.253 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 206 | Maldives | 0.252 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 207 | Myanmar | 0.243 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 207 | Nicaragua | 0.243 °C | 2024 | unchanged | flat |
| 209 | Bangladesh | 0.236 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 210 | Mexico | 0.234 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 210 | Tonga | 0.234 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 212 | Caribbean | 0.233 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 213 | Sierra Leone | 0.232 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 214 | Samoa | 0.23 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 215 | Vanuatu | 0.225 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 216 | Honduras | 0.224 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 217 | Suriname | 0.222 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 218 | Brazil | 0.221 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 218 | Liberia | 0.221 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 220 | Fiji | 0.219 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 220 | Gabon | 0.219 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 220 | Ascension, Saint Helena and Tristan da Cunha | 0.219 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 223 | French Guiana | 0.218 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 224 | Sao Tome and Principe | 0.214 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 224 | Cook Islands | 0.214 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 226 | Marshall Islands | 0.212 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 227 | Angola | 0.211 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 227 | Cameroon | 0.211 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 227 | Polynesia | 0.211 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 230 | Equatorial Guinea | 0.21 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 231 | Sri Lanka | 0.207 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 232 | Congo | 0.202 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 232 | Tuvalu | 0.202 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 232 | Brunei Darussalam | 0.202 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 235 | Solomon Islands | 0.193 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 235 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 0.193 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 237 | Wallis and Futuna Islands | 0.185 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 238 | Papua New Guinea | 0.183 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 239 | Kiribati | 0.182 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 240 | Malaysia | 0.179 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 240 | Melanesia | 0.179 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 242 | Philippines | 0.177 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 243 | Palau | 0.167 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 244 | Micronesia (Federated States of) | 0.156 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 245 | Indonesia | 0.153 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 246 | Pacific Islands Trust Territory | 0.152 °C | 1990 | unchanged | flat |
| 247 | Micronesia | 0.147 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Central Asia 0.724 °C
- Northern Europe 0.685 °C
- Western Europe 0.485 °C
- Eastern Europe 0.483 °C
- Northern America 0.466 °C
- Europe 0.435 °C
- European Union (27) 0.429 °C
- Western Asia 0.404 °C
- Réunion 0.351 °C
- Southern Europe 0.323 °C
- Oceania 0.316 °C
- Western Africa 0.311 °C
About this data
The FAOSTAT Temperature change on land domain disseminates statistics of mean surface temperature change by country, with annual updates. Statistics are available for monthly, seasonal and annual mean temperature anomalies, i.e., temperature change with respect to a baseline climatology, corresponding to the period 1951–1980. The standard deviation of the temperature change of the baseline methodology is also available. Data are based on the publicly available GISTEMP data, the Global Surface Temperature Change data distributed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Institute for Space Studies (NASA-GISS).