Standard Deviation by country
The FAOSTAT Temperature change on land domain disseminates statistics of mean surface temperature change by country, with annual updates. Statistics are available for monthly, seasonal and annual mean temperature anomalies, i.e., temperature change with respect to a baseline climatology, corresponding to the period...
What the numbers show
Standard Deviation is currently reported for 250 countries. The highest value is 1.46 °C in Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands; the lowest is 0.152 °C in Pacific Islands Trust Territory.
The median across all reporting countries is 0.3255 °C, and the mean is 0.3917 °C.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 10.
Over the past decade 10 countries rose and 1 fell. The largest increase was in Turks and Caicos Islands (up 111.7%), and the largest decrease in Tokelau (down 26.1%).
Standard Deviation: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands | 1.46 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 1 | Republic of Moldova | 0.733 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 2 | Finland | 0.986 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 2 | Türkiye | 0.628 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 3 | Estonia | 0.899 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 3 | Syrian Arab Republic | 0.561 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 4 | Lithuania | 0.889 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 4 | Democratic People's Republic of Korea | 0.499 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 5 | Latvia | 0.883 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 5 | Iran (Islamic Republic of) | 0.488 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 6 | Belarus | 0.869 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 7 | Sweden | 0.852 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 7 | Lao People's Democratic Republic | 0.318 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 8 | Turks and Caicos Islands | 0.832 °C | 1993 | up 111.7% | rising |
| 8 | Cabo Verde | 0.422 °C | 2025 | unchanged | falling |
| 8 | Timor-Leste | 0.313 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 9 | Kazakhstan | 0.801 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 9 | Bolivia (Plurinational State of) | 0.304 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 10 | Ukraine | 0.795 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 10 | Viet Nam | 0.303 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 11 | Poland | 0.777 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 11 | Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) | 0.301 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 12 | Midway Island | 0.771 °C | 2009 | unchanged | rising |
| 12 | United Republic of Tanzania | 0.253 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 13 | Armenia | 0.764 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 14 | Georgia | 0.75 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 15 | Uzbekistan | 0.74 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 15 | Polynesia | 0.211 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 16 | Norway | 0.738 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 17 | Turkmenistan | 0.705 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 17 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 0.193 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 18 | Denmark | 0.696 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 18 | Wallis and Futuna Islands | 0.185 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 19 | Azerbaijan | 0.689 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 19 | Melanesia | 0.179 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 20 | Saint Pierre and Miquelon | 0.685 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 20 | Côte d'Ivoire | 0.255 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 21 | Falkland Islands (Malvinas) | 0.66 °C | 1982 | up 109.5% | rising |
| 21 | Micronesia (Federated States of) | 0.156 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 22 | Slovakia | 0.652 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 22 | Micronesia | 0.147 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 23 | Canada | 0.642 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 23 | Caribbean | 0.233 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 24 | Romania | 0.634 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 25 | Czechoslovakia | 0.633 °C | 1992 | unchanged | flat |
| 26 | Czechia | 0.63 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 26 | Hungary | 0.63 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 28 | Netherlands (Kingdom of the) | 0.617 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 29 | Germany | 0.613 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 30 | Tajikistan | 0.61 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 31 | Greenland | 0.605 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 32 | Mongolia | 0.602 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 33 | Luxembourg | 0.601 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 34 | Serbia | 0.594 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 35 | Nauru | 0.589 °C | 1992 | unchanged | flat |
| 36 | Barbados | 0.587 °C | 2023 | up 111.2% | rising |
| 36 | Iceland | 0.587 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 38 | Russian Federation | 0.586 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 38 | Belgium-Luxembourg | 0.586 °C | 1999 | unchanged | flat |
| 40 | Kyrgyzstan | 0.581 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 41 | Belgium | 0.574 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 42 | Bulgaria | 0.573 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 42 | Pitcairn | 0.573 °C | 2011 | up 74.2% | rising |
| 44 | Serbia and Montenegro | 0.559 °C | 2005 | unchanged | flat |
| 45 | Iraq | 0.549 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 46 | Afghanistan | 0.547 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 47 | Jordan | 0.533 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 48 | Eritrea | 0.531 °C | 2023 | up 57.1% | flat |
| 49 | Montenegro | 0.53 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 50 | Austria | 0.529 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 51 | Slovenia | 0.523 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 52 | Morocco | 0.521 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 53 | Kuwait | 0.516 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 54 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0.509 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 55 | Republic of Korea | 0.504 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 56 | Western Sahara | 0.503 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 57 | Lebanon | 0.5 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 57 | Yugoslav SFR | 0.5 °C | 1991 | unchanged | flat |
| 59 | Croatia | 0.487 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 59 | USSR | 0.487 °C | 1991 | unchanged | flat |
| 61 | Jersey | 0.486 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 62 | North Macedonia | 0.483 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 62 | Guernsey | 0.483 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 64 | Israel | 0.477 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 64 | Palestine | 0.477 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 66 | Antarctica | 0.474 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 67 | Faroe Islands | 0.468 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 68 | Liechtenstein | 0.466 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 69 | Mauritania | 0.465 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 70 | Cyprus | 0.462 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 71 | Switzerland | 0.458 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 72 | Paraguay | 0.45 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 73 | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 0.444 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 74 | Portugal | 0.44 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 75 | Isle of Man | 0.438 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 76 | Albania | 0.434 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 77 | Senegal | 0.432 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 78 | Gibraltar | 0.43 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 78 | Greece | 0.43 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 80 | France | 0.427 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 81 | Saudi Arabia | 0.424 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 82 | Tunisia | 0.421 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 83 | Andorra | 0.417 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 84 | Ireland | 0.412 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 85 | Spain | 0.402 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 86 | Algeria | 0.401 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 86 | Mali | 0.401 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 88 | Ecuador | 0.4 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 89 | Bahrain | 0.397 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 90 | Qatar | 0.396 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 91 | Niue | 0.395 °C | 1993 | up 63.2% | flat |
| 92 | Yemen | 0.393 °C | 1998 | up 43.4% | rising |
| 92 | French Southern Territories | 0.393 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 94 | Libya | 0.386 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 95 | Uruguay | 0.385 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 96 | Botswana | 0.381 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 97 | New Zealand | 0.379 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 98 | Pakistan | 0.373 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 99 | Gambia | 0.366 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 100 | Malta | 0.365 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 101 | Egypt | 0.361 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 101 | San Marino | 0.361 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 101 | China, Hong Kong SAR | 0.361 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 101 | China, Macao SAR | 0.361 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 105 | Japan | 0.358 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 106 | Réunion | 0.351 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 107 | South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands | 0.35 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 108 | Australia | 0.345 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 109 | China, Taiwan Province of | 0.342 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 110 | Holy See | 0.341 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 111 | Aruba | 0.339 °C | 2020 | unchanged | flat |
| 112 | Monaco | 0.338 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 113 | Australia and New Zealand | 0.335 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 114 | Niger | 0.334 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 114 | Oman | 0.334 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 116 | Mayotte | 0.332 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 117 | United Arab Emirates | 0.331 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 117 | Burkina Faso | 0.331 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 119 | Sudan | 0.327 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 120 | Italy | 0.324 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 121 | Eswatini | 0.321 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 122 | Namibia | 0.319 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 123 | New Caledonia | 0.314 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 124 | OECD | 0.312 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 125 | Zimbabwe | 0.311 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 126 | Argentina | 0.306 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 126 | Thailand | 0.306 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 128 | Guinea-Bissau | 0.303 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 129 | Guyana | 0.299 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 130 | Madagascar | 0.297 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 130 | Netherlands Antilles (former) | 0.297 °C | 2010 | unchanged | flat |
| 132 | Norfolk Island | 0.296 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 133 | Mauritius | 0.295 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 133 | Peru | 0.295 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 135 | Djibouti | 0.289 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 135 | Ethiopia PDR | 0.289 °C | 1992 | unchanged | flat |
| 137 | Cambodia | 0.288 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 138 | Belize | 0.287 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 138 | Sudan (former) | 0.287 °C | 2011 | unchanged | flat |
| 140 | Guinea | 0.285 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 141 | Burundi | 0.284 °C | 2013 | up 4.0% | rising |
| 141 | Jamaica | 0.284 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 141 | Lesotho | 0.284 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 141 | Cocos (Keeling) Islands | 0.284 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 145 | South Sudan | 0.283 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 146 | Nigeria | 0.281 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 147 | China | 0.279 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 147 | China, mainland | 0.279 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 149 | Cuba | 0.278 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 149 | Somalia | 0.278 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 151 | South Africa | 0.275 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 152 | Panama | 0.274 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 152 | Chad | 0.274 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 154 | Guatemala | 0.273 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 154 | Haiti | 0.273 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 156 | Dominican Republic | 0.272 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 156 | Ethiopia | 0.272 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 156 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 0.272 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 159 | Grenada | 0.271 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 160 | Antigua and Barbuda | 0.27 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 160 | Kenya | 0.27 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 160 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 0.27 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 160 | French Polynesia | 0.27 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 160 | El Salvador | 0.27 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 160 | Trinidad and Tobago | 0.27 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 160 | Montserrat | 0.27 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 167 | Benin | 0.268 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 167 | Puerto Rico | 0.268 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 167 | Rwanda | 0.268 °C | 2013 | up 12.6% | rising |
| 170 | Colombia | 0.267 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 170 | United States Virgin Islands | 0.267 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 172 | Chile | 0.266 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 173 | Nepal | 0.265 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 173 | British Virgin Islands | 0.265 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 173 | Zambia | 0.265 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 176 | Comoros | 0.264 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 176 | Anguilla | 0.264 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 178 | Bahamas | 0.262 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 179 | Ghana | 0.26 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 180 | Guadeloupe | 0.259 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 181 | Dominica | 0.258 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 181 | Seychelles | 0.258 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 183 | Bhutan | 0.257 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 183 | Costa Rica | 0.257 °C | 2025 | unchanged | falling |
| 183 | Saint Lucia | 0.257 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 183 | Martinique | 0.257 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 187 | Mozambique | 0.256 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 188 | Togo | 0.255 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 188 | Uganda | 0.255 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 188 | Tokelau | 0.255 °C | 2010 | down 26.1% | rising |
| 191 | India | 0.254 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 191 | Malawi | 0.254 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 193 | Singapore | 0.253 °C | 1990 | up 42.9% | rising |
| 194 | Maldives | 0.252 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 195 | American Samoa | 0.25 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 196 | Myanmar | 0.243 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 196 | Nicaragua | 0.243 °C | 2024 | unchanged | flat |
| 198 | Bangladesh | 0.236 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 199 | Mexico | 0.234 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 199 | Tonga | 0.234 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 201 | Sierra Leone | 0.232 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 202 | Samoa | 0.23 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 203 | Vanuatu | 0.225 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 204 | Honduras | 0.224 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 205 | Suriname | 0.222 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 206 | Brazil | 0.221 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 206 | Liberia | 0.221 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 208 | Fiji | 0.219 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 208 | Gabon | 0.219 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 208 | Ascension, Saint Helena and Tristan da Cunha | 0.219 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 211 | Central African Republic | 0.218 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 211 | French Guiana | 0.218 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 213 | Sao Tome and Principe | 0.214 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 213 | Cook Islands | 0.214 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 215 | Marshall Islands | 0.212 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 216 | Angola | 0.211 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 216 | Cameroon | 0.211 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 218 | Equatorial Guinea | 0.21 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 219 | Sri Lanka | 0.207 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 220 | Congo | 0.202 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 220 | Tuvalu | 0.202 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 220 | Brunei Darussalam | 0.202 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 223 | Solomon Islands | 0.193 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 224 | Papua New Guinea | 0.183 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 225 | Kiribati | 0.182 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 226 | Malaysia | 0.179 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 227 | Philippines | 0.177 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 228 | Palau | 0.167 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 229 | Indonesia | 0.153 °C | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 230 | Pacific Islands Trust Territory | 0.152 °C | 1990 | unchanged | flat |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Central Asia 0.724 °C
- Northern Europe 0.685 °C
- Western Europe 0.485 °C
- Eastern Europe 0.483 °C
- Northern America 0.466 °C
- Chagai 0.484 °C
- Europe 0.435 °C
- European Union (27) 0.429 °C
- Western Asia 0.404 °C
- Southern Europe 0.323 °C
- Oceania 0.316 °C
- Western Africa 0.311 °C
- Eastern Asia 0.309 °C
- Asia 0.229 °C
- Least Developed Countries (LDCs) 0.229 °C
- Annex I countries 0.308 °C
- United States of America 0.306 °C
- Americas 0.303 °C
- Middle Africa 0.198 °C
- Southern Africa 0.282 °C
- Northern Africa 0.281 °C
- Southern Asia 0.274 °C
- Small island developing States (SIDS) 0.168 °C
- Land Locked Developing Countries (LLDCs) 0.243 °C
- Low Income Food Deficit Countries (LIFDCs) 0.238 °C
- Eastern Africa 0.229 °C
- Sub-Saharan Africa 0.223 °C
- Net Food Importing Developing Countries (NFIDCs) 0.221 °C
- South America 0.218 °C
- Africa 0.213 °C
- Central America 0.211 °C
- World 0.208 °C
- Latin America and the Caribbean 0.204 °C
- South-Eastern Asia 0.195 °C
- Non-Annex I countries 0.194 °C
About this data
The FAOSTAT Temperature change on land domain disseminates statistics of mean surface temperature change by country, with annual updates. Statistics are available for monthly, seasonal and annual mean temperature anomalies, i.e., temperature change with respect to a baseline climatology, corresponding to the period 1951–1980. The standard deviation of the temperature change of the baseline methodology is also available. Data are based on the publicly available GISTEMP data, the Global Surface Temperature Change data distributed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Institute for Space Studies (NASA-GISS).