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15.4.2a Mountain green cover area: Total; Land Cover: Artificial surfaces — Value by country

As the custodian agency of 22 SDG indicators, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) is responsible for curating and refining the methodologies of these indicators, collecting data from national sources, ensuring their quality and compatibility with applicable standards and...

Countries reporting
168
Highest
139,978 km2
China, mainland
Lowest
0.1 km2
British Virgin Islands
Median
641.75 km2
Years covered
22
2000–2021
Data points
1,236

What the numbers show

15.4.2a Mountain green cover area: Total; Land Cover: Artificial surfaces — Value is currently reported for 168 countries. The highest value is 139,978 km2 in China, mainland; the lowest is 0.1 km2 in British Virgin Islands.

The median across all reporting countries is 641.75 km2, and the mean is 2,787 km2.

Over the past decade 159 countries rose and 1 fell. The largest increase was in Finland (up 5,200.0%), and the largest decrease in Iceland (down 6.8%).

15.4.2a Mountain green cover area: Total; Land Cover: Artificial: full country ranking

#Country LatestYear 10-year changeTrend
1 China, mainland 139,978 km2 2021 up 92.4% rising
2 Mexico 28,088 km2 2021 up 23.6% rising
2 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 14,601 km2 2021 up 41.6% rising
3 Japan 18,448 km2 2021 up 5.3% rising
4 South Africa 16,526 km2 2021 up 18.3% rising
4 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 4,254 km2 2021 up 55.8% rising
5 India 15,936 km2 2021 up 39.6% rising
5 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 3,885 km2 2021 up 15.2% rising
6 Russian Federation 12,345 km2 2021 up 26.4% rising
6 Viet Nam 3,844 km2 2021 up 67.0% rising
7 Indonesia 11,615 km2 2021 up 51.4% rising
7 United Republic of Tanzania 3,328 km2 2021 up 42.7% rising
8 Colombia 10,164 km2 2021 up 44.4% rising
8 Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,382 km2 2021 up 35.1% rising
9 Peru 8,219 km2 2021 up 65.6% rising
9 Lao People's Democratic Republic 2,159 km2 2021 up 83.7% rising
10 Ethiopia 8,037 km2 2021 up 110.6% rising
10 Syrian Arab Republic 1,531 km2 2021 up 23.0% rising
11 Nepal 7,590 km2 2021 up 50.2% rising
11 Democratic People's Republic of Korea 1,289 km2 2021 up 37.8% rising
12 Australia and New Zealand 6,551 km2 2021 up 18.5% rising
12 Timor-Leste 456.1 km2 2021 up 52.5% rising
13 Algeria 5,546 km2 2021 up 39.9% rising
13 Republic of Moldova 5.2 km2 2021 up 8.3% rising
14 Guatemala 4,659 km2 2021 up 30.9% rising
14 Wallis and Futuna Islands 0.2 km2 2021 unchanged flat
15 Chile 4,580 km2 2021 up 40.0% rising
16 Pakistan 4,529 km2 2021 up 43.9% rising
17 Myanmar 4,407 km2 2021 up 77.5% rising
18 Kenya 4,090 km2 2021 up 33.1% rising
19 Ecuador 3,944 km2 2021 up 43.2% rising
20 Thailand 3,709 km2 2021 up 28.9% rising
20 Côte d'Ivoire 220.5 km2 2021 up 47.0% rising
21 Australia 3,620 km2 2021 up 15.5% rising
22 Honduras 3,441 km2 2021 up 36.2% rising
23 Cameroon 3,302 km2 2021 up 13.4% rising
24 Morocco 3,242 km2 2021 up 46.7% rising
25 Georgia 3,132 km2 2021 up 11.3% rising
26 France 3,121 km2 2021 up 5.1% rising
27 Kyrgyzstan 3,102 km2 2021 up 26.5% rising
28 Saudi Arabia 3,102 km2 2021 up 65.4% rising
29 New Zealand 2,931 km2 2021 up 22.4% rising
30 Italy 2,861 km2 2021 up 2.1% rising
31 Republic of Korea 2,782 km2 2021 up 21.4% rising
32 Kazakhstan 2,602 km2 2021 up 18.7% rising
33 Austria 2,580 km2 2021 up 5.2% rising
34 Tajikistan 2,578 km2 2021 up 35.5% rising
35 Spain 2,559 km2 2021 up 4.7% rising
36 Romania 2,433 km2 2021 up 2.8% falling
37 Malawi 2,413 km2 2021 up 52.5% rising
38 Rwanda 2,284 km2 2021 up 30.3% rising
39 Philippines 2,194 km2 2021 up 52.4% rising
40 Uzbekistan 2,139 km2 2021 up 36.8% rising
41 Brazil 2,127 km2 2021 up 7.1% rising
42 Afghanistan 2,124 km2 2021 up 56.5% rising
43 Azerbaijan 2,095 km2 2021 up 20.2% rising
44 Switzerland 2,025 km2 2021 up 1.6% rising
45 Zimbabwe 1,941 km2 2021 up 26.9% rising
46 Uganda 1,787 km2 2021 up 39.3% rising
47 Madagascar 1,630 km2 2021 up 59.2% rising
48 Ukraine 1,604 km2 2021 up 10.5% rising
49 Costa Rica 1,559 km2 2021 up 14.6% rising
50 Lebanon 1,484 km2 2021 up 31.9% rising
51 Malaysia 1,476 km2 2021 up 25.9% rising
52 El Salvador 1,442 km2 2021 up 25.8% rising
53 Bulgaria 1,382 km2 2021 up 0.5% flat
54 Armenia 1,262 km2 2021 up 10.9% rising
55 Papua New Guinea 1,221 km2 2021 up 46.1% rising
56 Mozambique 1,208 km2 2021 up 52.5% rising
57 Jordan 1,196 km2 2021 up 34.9% rising
58 Sri Lanka 1,166 km2 2021 up 50.9% rising
59 Iraq 1,160 km2 2021 up 158.8% rising
60 Nigeria 1,085 km2 2021 up 38.5% rising
61 Angola 1,084 km2 2021 up 49.9% rising
62 Yemen 1,081 km2 2021 up 60.9% rising
63 Burundi 1,079 km2 2021 up 27.9% rising
64 Mongolia 1,027 km2 2021 up 71.0% rising
65 Slovakia 967.9 km2 2021 up 2.5% rising
66 Bhutan 940.3 km2 2021 up 52.4% rising
67 Tunisia 919.9 km2 2021 up 33.1% rising
68 Czechia 903.6 km2 2021 up 1.5% rising
69 Greece 901.6 km2 2021 up 12.2% rising
70 Poland 892.5 km2 2021 up 4.4% rising
71 Palestine 867.5 km2 2021 up 31.3% rising
72 Eswatini 845.1 km2 2021 up 21.7% rising
73 Oman 759.6 km2 2021 up 75.4% rising
74 Nicaragua 695.3 km2 2021 up 43.4% rising
75 Serbia 653.4 km2 2021 up 9.9% rising
76 Dominican Republic 630.1 km2 2021 up 20.9% rising
77 Zambia 618.2 km2 2021 up 41.2% rising
78 Haiti 611 km2 2021 up 30.2% rising
79 Namibia 596.8 km2 2021 up 15.0% rising
80 Jamaica 563.8 km2 2021 up 8.3% rising
81 Guinea 558.9 km2 2021 up 40.6% rising
82 Portugal 496.9 km2 2021 up 4.0% rising
83 Lesotho 481.7 km2 2021 up 27.5% rising
84 Puerto Rico 459.6 km2 2021 up 4.5% rising
85 Libya 348.7 km2 2021 up 35.2% rising
86 Bosnia and Herzegovina 344 km2 2021 up 4.5% rising
87 Panama 312.8 km2 2021 up 37.8% rising
88 North Macedonia 272.3 km2 2021 up 8.2% rising
89 Slovenia 269.6 km2 2021 up 9.2% rising
90 Croatia 205.1 km2 2021 up 5.0% rising
91 Botswana 202.9 km2 2021 up 14.8% rising
92 Ghana 189.6 km2 2021 up 19.8% rising
93 Sudan 188.9 km2 2021 up 88.7% rising
94 Cuba 183.8 km2 2021 up 9.3% rising
95 Eritrea 171.2 km2 2021 up 61.7% rising
96 Turkmenistan 170.1 km2 2021 up 49.7% rising
97 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 168.2 km2 2021 up 80.3% rising
98 New Caledonia 158.6 km2 2021 up 17.7% rising
99 Albania 133.4 km2 2021 up 0.8% flat
100 Togo 127.6 km2 2021 up 33.5% rising
101 Sweden 120 km2 2021 up 11.3% rising
102 Somalia 111.5 km2 2021 up 33.4% rising
103 Congo 107 km2 2021 up 88.7% rising
104 South Sudan 96.3 km2 2021 up 51.7% rising
105 Montenegro 95.4 km2 2021 up 14.3% rising
106 Egypt 92.2 km2 2021 up 41.6% rising
107 Cyprus 90.8 km2 2021 up 2.1% rising
108 Chad 89.4 km2 2021 up 47.0% rising
109 Hungary 84.5 km2 2021 up 1.4% flat
110 Cambodia 79 km2 2021 up 75.6% rising
111 United Arab Emirates 75.9 km2 2021 up 82.0% rising
112 Sierra Leone 57.6 km2 2021 up 73.5% rising
113 Central African Republic 57.2 km2 2021 up 12.6% rising
114 Mali 57.1 km2 2021 up 47.5% rising
115 Paraguay 55.6 km2 2021 up 62.1% rising
116 Solomon Islands 51.6 km2 2021 up 251.0% volatile
117 Andorra 48.3 km2 2021 up 2.8% rising
118 Belgium 44.2 km2 2021 up 0.5% flat
119 Gabon 42.8 km2 2021 up 30.1% rising
120 Liberia 39.3 km2 2021 up 51.7% rising
121 Equatorial Guinea 32.2 km2 2021 up 80.9% rising
122 Comoros 27.5 km2 2021 up 27.9% rising
123 Djibouti 26.3 km2 2021 up 42.9% rising
124 Liechtenstein 21.3 km2 2021 up 2.9% rising
125 Guyana 18.3 km2 2021 up 120.5% rising
126 Belize 17.8 km2 2021 up 8.5% rising
127 Vanuatu 16.5 km2 2021 up 52.8% rising
128 Benin 12.8 km2 2021 up 88.2% rising
129 Iceland 10.9 km2 2021 down 6.8% rising
130 Uruguay 10.6 km2 2021 up 19.1% rising
131 Burkina Faso 8.1 km2 2021 up 84.1% rising
131 Martinique 8.1 km2 2021 up 14.1% rising
133 Guadeloupe 7.8 km2 2021 up 8.3% rising
134 Ascension, Saint Helena and Tristan da Cunha 6.3 km2 2021 up 16.7% rising
135 Finland 5.3 km2 2021 up 5,200.0% volatile
136 China, Hong Kong SAR 5.2 km2 2021 up 8.3% rising
137 Trinidad and Tobago 5.1 km2 2021 up 21.4% rising
138 Bangladesh 4.4 km2 2021 up 91.3% rising
138 Niger 4.4 km2 2021 up 33.3% rising
140 San Marino 4.3 km2 2021 unchanged rising
141 Mayotte 3.9 km2 2021 up 14.7% rising
142 Saint Lucia 3.1 km2 2021 up 14.8% rising
143 Mauritania 2.7 km2 2021 up 17.4% rising
144 Grenada 2.6 km2 2021 up 8.3% rising
145 Ireland 2.1 km2 2021 up 16.7% rising
145 Montserrat 2.1 km2 2021 unchanged rising
147 United States Virgin Islands 2 km2 2021 unchanged rising
148 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1.8 km2 2021 up 20.0% rising
149 Barbados 1.6 km2 2021 unchanged rising
150 Luxembourg 1 km2 2021 unchanged rising
151 Suriname 0.8 km2 2021 up 700.0% volatile
152 Senegal 0.6 km2 2021 up 500.0% volatile
153 Western Sahara 0.4 km2 2021 unchanged rising
154 Brunei Darussalam 0.2 km2 2021 up 100.0% volatile
155 British Virgin Islands 0.1 km2 2021 unchanged flat

Regions and income groups

Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.

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15.4.2a Mountain green cover area: Total; Land Cover: Artificial by country. Statizoid, drawing on Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved 02 October 2026, from https://environment.statizoid.com/stat/15-4-2a-mountain-green-cover-area-total-land-cover-artificial-surfaces-value/

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<a href="https://environment.statizoid.com/stat/15-4-2a-mountain-green-cover-area-total-land-cover-artificial-surfaces-value/">15.4.2a Mountain green cover area: Total; Land Cover: Artificial by country</a> — Statizoid

About this data

Indicator
15.4.2a Mountain green cover area: Total; Land Cover: Artificial surfaces — Value
Unit
km2
Source
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Licence
CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO (FAO)
Coverage
206 places, 1,236 data points, 2000–2021
Last refreshed

As the custodian agency of 22 SDG indicators, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) is responsible for curating and refining the methodologies of these indicators, collecting data from national sources, ensuring their quality and compatibility with applicable standards and classifications, and disseminating data at global level. This FAOSTAT domain complements the global SDG database administered by the United Nations Statistical Division (UNSD), as well as FAO’s SDG indicators portal, by providing access to the available data for all SDG Indicators under FAO custodianship. While this metadata page provides summary information on all SDG indicators data disseminated through FAOSTAT, indicator-specific metadata can be accessed from the link on the right hand navigation column. This additional metadata file provides details on the methodology used to compile each indicators, their data sources and the contact information of the relevant FAO focal point. It includes the links to the official SDG Indicator metadata documents accessible from the UNSD global SDG database.SDG Indicators under FAO custodianship, consisting of 22 indicators and 66 series that fall under six goals: • Goal 2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture.• Goal 5: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls.• Goal 6: Clean water and sanitation: Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all.• Goal 12: Responsible consumption and production.• Goal 14: Life below water: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources.• Goal 15: Life on land: Sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, halt and reverse land degradation, halt biodiversity loss.