Drivers of deforestation by country
Estimates of commodity-driven deforestation, measured in hectares per year. This includes deforestation caused by the production of agricultural products and forestry, which account for approximately 90% of the world's deforestation.
Countries reporting
163
Highest
1.15 million hectares
Brazil
Lowest
0.01 hectares
Iraq
Median
103.96 hectares
Years covered
23
2001–2023
Data points
2,829
What the numbers show
Drivers of deforestation is currently reported for 163 countries. The highest value is 1.15 million hectares in Brazil; the lowest is 0.01 hectares in Iraq.
The median across all reporting countries is 103.96 hectares, and the mean is 11,747 hectares.
Over the past decade 68 countries rose and 87 fell. The largest increase was in Ecuador (up 32,245.5%), and the largest decrease in Uzbekistan (down 99.8%).
Drivers of deforestation: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Brazil | 1.15 million hectares | 2023 | up 45.2% | falling |
| 2 | Angola | 74,391 hectares | 2023 | up 819.4% | volatile |
| 3 | Peru | 49,590 hectares | 2023 | up 782.3% | volatile |
| 4 | Bolivia | 49,565 hectares | 2023 | down 19.3% | rising |
| 5 | Paraguay | 48,613 hectares | 2023 | down 59.9% | falling |
| 6 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 44,747 hectares | 2023 | up 230.7% | volatile |
| 7 | United States | 39,492 hectares | 2023 | up 38.2% | falling |
| 8 | Mexico | 32,952 hectares | 2023 | down 56.7% | volatile |
| 9 | Argentina | 31,700 hectares | 2023 | up 3,948.8% | volatile |
| 10 | Madagascar | 28,080 hectares | 2023 | up 377.8% | rising |
| 11 | China | 26,740 hectares | 2023 | down 27.5% | volatile |
| 12 | Myanmar | 25,925 hectares | 2023 | up 361.2% | volatile |
| 13 | Vietnam | 24,559 hectares | 2023 | up 5,706.2% | volatile |
| 14 | Nigeria | 22,772 hectares | 2023 | down 31.8% | rising |
| 15 | Malaysia | 22,099 hectares | 2023 | up 432.1% | volatile |
| 16 | Mozambique | 21,379 hectares | 2023 | up 89.7% | volatile |
| 17 | Laos | 18,937 hectares | 2023 | up 1,745.5% | volatile |
| 18 | Colombia | 16,692 hectares | 2023 | down 47.7% | falling |
| 19 | Thailand | 16,122 hectares | 2023 | up 64.2% | rising |
| 20 | Zambia | 14,602 hectares | 2023 | up 607.3% | volatile |
| 21 | Ghana | 12,186 hectares | 2023 | down 64.7% | volatile |
| 22 | Tanzania | 11,494 hectares | 2023 | up 1,504.1% | volatile |
| 23 | Honduras | 10,116 hectares | 2023 | down 53.2% | volatile |
| 24 | Cameroon | 9,395 hectares | 2023 | up 54.6% | volatile |
| 25 | Nicaragua | 9,373 hectares | 2023 | up 158.4% | volatile |
| 26 | Chad | 8,755 hectares | 2023 | up 14,840.5% | volatile |
| 27 | Cambodia | 8,594 hectares | 2023 | up 1,138.7% | volatile |
| 28 | Indonesia | 8,084 hectares | 2023 | down 6.6% | volatile |
| 29 | Guatemala | 7,489 hectares | 2023 | up 127.4% | falling |
| 30 | Philippines | 5,059 hectares | 2023 | up 0.4% | volatile |
| 31 | Ecuador | 4,810 hectares | 2023 | up 32,245.5% | volatile |
| 32 | Uganda | 4,678 hectares | 2023 | up 314.1% | volatile |
| 33 | Papua New Guinea | 4,645 hectares | 2023 | down 29.8% | falling |
| 34 | Congo | 4,496 hectares | 2023 | up 36.8% | volatile |
| 35 | Australia | 4,457 hectares | 2023 | down 38.0% | falling |
| 36 | Ethiopia | 3,549 hectares | 2023 | up 1,470.0% | volatile |
| 37 | Canada | 3,237 hectares | 2023 | up 34.3% | falling |
| 38 | Central African Republic | 3,096 hectares | 2023 | up 269.6% | volatile |
| 39 | South Africa | 3,036 hectares | 2023 | down 26.0% | rising |
| 40 | Cote d'Ivoire | 2,974 hectares | 2023 | up 530.0% | volatile |
| 41 | Venezuela | 2,761 hectares | 2023 | down 79.0% | falling |
| 42 | Kenya | 2,719 hectares | 2023 | up 84.8% | volatile |
| 43 | Malawi | 2,714 hectares | 2023 | up 1,758.6% | volatile |
| 44 | India | 2,099 hectares | 2023 | down 89.8% | volatile |
| 45 | Gabon | 1,992 hectares | 2023 | up 70.9% | volatile |
| 46 | Liberia | 1,583 hectares | 2023 | down 95.5% | volatile |
| 47 | Guyana | 1,257 hectares | 2023 | up 527.2% | volatile |
| 48 | Italy | 1,129 hectares | 2023 | up 120.0% | falling |
| 49 | France | 1,066 hectares | 2023 | up 49.2% | rising |
| 50 | Russia | 1,051 hectares | 2023 | down 90.7% | volatile |
| 51 | South Sudan | 1,009 hectares | 2023 | down 60.9% | volatile |
| 52 | Spain | 836.77 hectares | 2023 | down 35.5% | falling |
| 53 | French Guiana | 798.85 hectares | 2006 | up 58.1% | rising |
| 54 | Sierra Leone | 751.37 hectares | 2023 | up 83.0% | volatile |
| 55 | Guinea | 622.32 hectares | 2023 | up 4,565.1% | volatile |
| 56 | Panama | 566.52 hectares | 2023 | down 83.5% | volatile |
| 57 | Romania | 559.24 hectares | 2012 | up 1,442.7% | volatile |
| 58 | Nepal | 544.22 hectares | 2023 | up 2.8% | falling |
| 59 | Zimbabwe | 443.69 hectares | 2023 | up 106.5% | volatile |
| 60 | Suriname | 437.05 hectares | 2023 | down 70.5% | volatile |
| 61 | North Korea | 348.77 hectares | 2023 | down 1.2% | volatile |
| 62 | Belize | 335.35 hectares | 2023 | up 5,964.2% | volatile |
| 63 | Equatorial Guinea | 321.37 hectares | 2023 | up 38.4% | rising |
| 64 | Germany | 319.87 hectares | 2019 | down 31.9% | volatile |
| 65 | Japan | 276.54 hectares | 2023 | up 367.3% | volatile |
| 66 | Portugal | 250.15 hectares | 2023 | down 25.1% | volatile |
| 67 | Finland | 244.29 hectares | 2023 | down 73.1% | falling |
| 68 | Benin | 225.28 hectares | 2023 | down 26.4% | volatile |
| 69 | Chile | 220.38 hectares | 2023 | — | volatile |
| 70 | Poland | 214.57 hectares | 2023 | down 28.5% | volatile |
| 71 | Serbia | 172.92 hectares | 2017 | up 424.0% | rising |
| 72 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 169.61 hectares | 2023 | up 48.7% | volatile |
| 73 | Mali | 163.68 hectares | 2023 | up 4,658.1% | volatile |
| 74 | Norway | 153.69 hectares | 2023 | down 73.6% | rising |
| 75 | Ukraine | 148.86 hectares | 2023 | — | volatile |
| 76 | Solomon Islands | 147.6 hectares | 2009 | down 47.3% | volatile |
| 77 | Croatia | 147.35 hectares | 2023 | down 19.4% | volatile |
| 78 | Cuba | 145.95 hectares | 2023 | down 74.7% | volatile |
| 79 | Bulgaria | 135.55 hectares | 2019 | up 643.1% | falling |
| 80 | Uruguay | 107.27 hectares | 2023 | down 92.3% | volatile |
| 81 | South Korea | 105.44 hectares | 2023 | down 19.9% | volatile |
| 82 | Kazakhstan | 103.96 hectares | 2023 | up 1,099.1% | volatile |
| 83 | Somalia | 100.38 hectares | 2023 | down 22.8% | volatile |
| 84 | Slovenia | 94.29 hectares | 2023 | up 43.9% | rising |
| 85 | Hungary | 87.96 hectares | 2023 | up 35.1% | volatile |
| 86 | Mauritius | 84.23 hectares | 2014 | up 60.6% | volatile |
| 87 | Togo | 79.98 hectares | 2023 | down 18.8% | volatile |
| 88 | Guinea-Bissau | 78.16 hectares | 2023 | down 84.6% | volatile |
| 89 | United Kingdom | 70.99 hectares | 2016 | down 84.3% | volatile |
| 90 | Sweden | 68.77 hectares | 2023 | down 87.8% | falling |
| 91 | Reunion | 65.36 hectares | 2006 | up 3,251.8% | volatile |
| 92 | Turkey | 65.15 hectares | 2023 | down 63.1% | volatile |
| 93 | Czechia | 59.76 hectares | 2019 | down 32.1% | volatile |
| 94 | Sri Lanka | 58.41 hectares | 2023 | down 96.1% | volatile |
| 95 | Slovakia | 55.79 hectares | 2017 | up 8,617.2% | volatile |
| 96 | Bangladesh | 53.17 hectares | 2023 | up 1,541.0% | volatile |
| 97 | Jamaica | 50.35 hectares | 2023 | down 28.6% | volatile |
| 98 | Estonia | 48.66 hectares | 2011 | down 66.9% | volatile |
| 99 | Montenegro | 46.76 hectares | 2023 | down 37.0% | volatile |
| 100 | Sudan | 42.78 hectares | 2023 | up 1,390.6% | volatile |
| 101 | Puerto Rico | 36.39 hectares | 2023 | up 313.5% | volatile |
| 102 | Austria | 34.04 hectares | 2023 | down 53.2% | falling |
| 104 | Georgia | 25.12 hectares | 2023 | down 75.7% | volatile |
| 105 | Netherlands | 22.12 hectares | 2019 | down 73.7% | falling |
| 106 | El Salvador | 21.77 hectares | 2023 | down 67.7% | volatile |
| 107 | Taiwan | 20.74 hectares | 2023 | up 265.1% | falling |
| 108 | Latvia | 19.37 hectares | 2023 | down 53.9% | volatile |
| 109 | Dominican Republic | 18.75 hectares | 2023 | down 86.9% | volatile |
| 110 | East Timor | 16.07 hectares | 2023 | up 617.4% | volatile |
| 111 | Albania | 15.46 hectares | 2017 | down 95.1% | volatile |
| 112 | Eswatini | 14.07 hectares | 2023 | — | volatile |
| 113 | Bhutan | 12.53 hectares | 2023 | down 74.4% | volatile |
| 114 | Belgium | 11.81 hectares | 2017 | down 71.6% | volatile |
| 115 | Haiti | 11.22 hectares | 2023 | down 88.4% | volatile |
| 116 | Vanuatu | 9.69 hectares | 2023 | down 75.3% | volatile |
| 117 | Trinidad and Tobago | 8.88 hectares | 2023 | up 25.2% | volatile |
| 118 | Switzerland | 7.93 hectares | 2023 | — | volatile |
| 119 | Brunei | 7.48 hectares | 2023 | down 52.0% | volatile |
| 120 | New Caledonia | 7.35 hectares | 2023 | down 95.3% | volatile |
| 121 | Pakistan | 5.36 hectares | 2023 | up 197.8% | volatile |
| 122 | Comoros | 5.22 hectares | 2023 | down 87.2% | volatile |
| 123 | Fiji | 5.15 hectares | 2023 | down 87.7% | volatile |
| 124 | Namibia | 4.92 hectares | 2023 | down 40.4% | volatile |
| 125 | Cyprus | 4.87 hectares | 2019 | down 41.4% | volatile |
| 126 | Denmark | 3.57 hectares | 2023 | down 87.2% | volatile |
| 127 | Bahamas | 3.25 hectares | 2023 | down 88.9% | volatile |
| 129 | Burundi | 3.15 hectares | 2023 | up 687.5% | volatile |
| 130 | Algeria | 2.95 hectares | 2023 | down 86.7% | volatile |
| 131 | Tunisia | 2.84 hectares | 2023 | down 65.9% | volatile |
| 132 | Azerbaijan | 1.99 hectares | 2023 | — | volatile |
| 133 | Armenia | 1.48 hectares | 2023 | up 1,038.5% | volatile |
| 134 | Senegal | 1.44 hectares | 2023 | up 71.4% | volatile |
| 135 | Botswana | 1.29 hectares | 2023 | down 94.2% | volatile |
| 136 | Cape Verde | 1.27 hectares | 2020 | down 58.2% | volatile |
| 137 | Lebanon | 1.26 hectares | 2023 | up 281.8% | volatile |
| 137 | Morocco | 1.26 hectares | 2023 | up 215.0% | volatile |
| 139 | Iran | 1.16 hectares | 2023 | down 91.5% | volatile |
| 140 | Singapore | 0.92 hectares | 2023 | up 1,433.3% | volatile |
| 141 | Israel | 0.82 hectares | 2023 | down 54.4% | volatile |
| 142 | Antigua and Barbuda | 0.81 hectares | 2023 | down 14.7% | volatile |
| 143 | Maldives | 0.8 hectares | 2023 | down 71.7% | volatile |
| 144 | Kyrgyzstan | 0.74 hectares | 2022 | down 90.0% | volatile |
| 145 | Egypt | 0.57 hectares | 2023 | up 307.1% | volatile |
| 146 | Lesotho | 0.54 hectares | 2020 | down 65.2% | volatile |
| 147 | Afghanistan | 0.4 hectares | 2023 | up 90.5% | volatile |
| 148 | Dominica | 0.36 hectares | 2014 | — | volatile |
| 149 | Gambia | 0.33 hectares | 2023 | down 84.7% | volatile |
| 150 | Syria | 0.21 hectares | 2023 | down 83.5% | volatile |
| 151 | Saint Lucia | 0.2 hectares | 2023 | down 60.8% | volatile |
| 152 | Turkmenistan | 0.18 hectares | 2013 | — | volatile |
| 153 | Libya | 0.17 hectares | 2023 | down 70.2% | volatile |
| 153 | North Macedonia | 0.17 hectares | 2016 | down 99.6% | volatile |
| 155 | Palestine | 0.13 hectares | 2020 | down 35.0% | volatile |
| 157 | Grenada | 0.06 hectares | 2023 | down 98.1% | volatile |
| 158 | Jordan | 0.05 hectares | 2020 | down 87.2% | volatile |
| 159 | Niger | 0.04 hectares | 2007 | down 88.9% | volatile |
| 159 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 0.04 hectares | 2023 | down 96.0% | volatile |
| 161 | Burkina Faso | 0.03 hectares | 2012 | down 97.7% | volatile |
| 161 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 0.03 hectares | 2022 | down 96.3% | volatile |
| 161 | Tajikistan | 0.03 hectares | 2020 | down 96.4% | volatile |
| 164 | Barbados | 0.02 hectares | 2023 | down 95.6% | volatile |
| 164 | Uzbekistan | 0.02 hectares | 2022 | down 99.8% | volatile |
| 166 | Iraq | 0.01 hectares | 2023 | unchanged | volatile |
About this data
Estimates of commodity-driven deforestation, measured in hectares per year. This includes deforestation caused by the production of agricultural products and forestry, which account for approximately 90% of the world's deforestation.