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Level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources (%) by country

Countries reporting
196
Highest
3,850.5%
Kuwait
Lowest
0.0%
French Guiana
Median
9.8%
Years covered
24
2000–2023
Data points
5,222

What the numbers show

Level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources (%) is currently reported for 196 countries. The highest value is 3,850.5% in Kuwait; the lowest is 0.0% in French Guiana.

The median across all reporting countries is 9.8%, and the mean is 63.6%.

Over the past decade 62 countries rose and 70 fell. The largest increase was in Kuwait (up 1,283,400.0%), and the largest decrease in Singapore (down 94.4%).

Level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of: full country ranking

#Country LatestYear 10-year changeTrend
1 Kuwait 3,850.5% 2023 up 1,283,400.0% volatile
2 United Arab Emirates 1,437.3% 2023 down 20.5% flat
3 Saudi Arabia 974.2% 2023 up 14.1% rising
4 Libya 817.1% 2023 unchanged rising
5 Qatar 431.0% 2023 down 0.1% rising
6 Yemen 281.5% 2023 up 4.3% rising
7 Bahrain 152.5% 2023 down 12.9% falling
8 Algeria 144.8% 2023 up 121.7% rising
9 Turkmenistan 135.2% 2023 down 6.4% flat
10 Syrian Arab Republic 124.4% 2023 unchanged falling
10 Syrian Arab Republic 124.4% 2023 unchanged falling
12 Uzbekistan 123.0% 2023 down 20.5% falling
13 Israel 119.6% 2023 up 13.3% falling
14 Sudan 118.7% 2023 unchanged flat
15 Oman 116.7% 2023 unchanged rising
16 Egypt 112.9% 2023 down 1.9% rising
17 Jordan 105.2% 2023 up 17.5% rising
18 Pakistan 98.1% 2023 down 12.8% rising
19 Tunisia 97.0% 2023 up 31.3% rising
20 Sri Lanka 90.8% 2023 unchanged flat
21 Barbados 87.5% 2023 unchanged falling
22 Republic of Korea 85.2% 2023 unchanged flat
22 Republic of Korea 85.2% 2023 unchanged flat
24 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 80.4% 2023 down 13.2% flat
25 Eswatini 77.6% 2023 unchanged flat
26 Tajikistan 69.9% 2023 up 0.1% falling
27 Iraq 67.8% 2023 down 1.3% falling
28 South Africa 67.6% 2023 up 15.1% rising
29 North Macedonia 65.9% 2023 up 450.4% volatile
30 India 65.9% 2023 down 0.7% flat
31 Armenia 62.0% 2023 up 4.0% rising
32 Cabo Verde 59.7% 2023 up 83.3% volatile
33 Lebanon 58.8% 2023 up 8.6% rising
34 Azerbaijan 57.5% 2023 up 8.6% rising
35 Afghanistan 54.8% 2023 unchanged flat
36 Belgium 52.8% 2023 down 10.9% falling
37 Kyrgyzstan 49.7% 2023 down 9.3% falling
38 Türkiye 47.9% 2023 up 25.8% rising
38 Türkiye 47.9% 2023 up 25.8% rising
40 Zimbabwe 46.1% 2023 up 42.7% rising
41 Malta 45.5% 2023 down 19.7% rising
42 State of Palestine 45.2% 2023 down 7.3% rising
43 Mexico 45.0% 2023 up 46.8% rising
44 Spain 43.2% 2023 down 1.9% falling
45 Mali 43.0% 2023 up 290.5% volatile
46 China 41.6% 2023 down 7.2% rising
47 Dominican Republic 39.5% 2023 unchanged rising
48 Bulgaria 38.8% 2023 down 3.9% falling
49 Japan 35.4% 2023 down 4.2% falling
50 Kazakhstan 33.6% 2023 up 4.7% rising
51 Poland 32.5% 2023 down 16.5% falling
52 Ethiopia 32.3% 2023 up 7.5% rising
53 Saint Kitts and Nevis 32.0% 2023 unchanged rising
54 Germany 31.5% 2023 down 9.4% falling
55 Cyprus 30.8% 2023 up 8.8% rising
56 Italy 29.8% 2023 down 0.6% falling
57 Nigeria 29.7% 2023 unchanged rising
58 Indonesia 29.7% 2023 up 10.2% rising
59 Timor-Leste 28.3% 2023 unchanged flat
59 Timor-Leste 28.3% 2023 unchanged flat
61 Philippines 27.9% 2023 up 8.7% rising
62 Democratic People's Republic of Korea 27.7% 2023 unchanged flat
63 Denmark 26.6% 2023 down 2.4% rising
64 Madagascar 25.0% 2023 up 16.3% rising
65 United States of America 24.5% 2023 down 3.2% falling
66 Somalia 24.5% 2023 unchanged flat
67 Mauritius 22.5% 2023 up 1.6% falling
68 Cuba 22.2% 2023 down 7.4% rising
69 Thailand 21.5% 2023 up 30.2% falling
70 France 20.6% 2023 down 13.5% falling
71 Czechia 20.1% 2023 down 19.8% falling
72 Trinidad and Tobago 19.9% 2023 down 6.1% flat
73 Puerto Rico 19.5% 2023 down 6.1% falling
74 Morocco 18.8% 2023 down 37.2% falling
75 Viet Nam 17.8% 2023 down 0.4% flat
75 Viet Nam 17.8% 2023 down 0.4% flat
77 Greece 17.7% 2023 down 11.7% flat
78 Senegal 16.3% 2023 up 27.2% rising
79 Netherlands (Kingdom of the) 14.9% 2023 down 26.2% falling
80 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 14.3% 2023 up 10.0% falling
80 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 14.3% 2023 up 10.0% falling
82 Saint Lucia 14.3% 2023 unchanged flat
83 Haiti 13.4% 2023 unchanged rising
84 Mauritania 13.2% 2023 unchanged falling
85 United Republic of Tanzania 13.0% 2023 unchanged rising
86 El Salvador 12.7% 2023 up 0.2% rising
87 Republic of Moldova 12.4% 2023 down 0.4% falling
87 Republic of Moldova 12.4% 2023 down 0.4% falling
89 Jamaica 12.4% 2023 down 8.4% rising
90 Portugal 12.3% 2023 down 29.9% falling
91 Andorra 11.9% 2023 down 11.4% flat
92 Uruguay 11.6% 2023 up 5.8% rising
93 Kenya 11.2% 2023 down 57.8% falling
94 Eritrea 11.2% 2023 unchanged rising
95 Niger 11.0% 2023 up 77.7% rising
96 Argentina 10.5% 2023 unchanged rising
97 Burundi 10.2% 2023 unchanged flat
98 Dominica 10.0% 2023 unchanged rising
99 Maldives 9.6% 2023 up 373.9% falling
100 Ireland 9.4% 2023 up 78.1% rising
101 Chile 9.0% 2023 unchanged rising
102 Austria 8.7% 2023 down 6.9% falling
103 Zambia 8.6% 2023 up 22.8% rising
104 Estonia 8.6% 2023 down 54.7% falling
105 Nepal 8.3% 2023 unchanged flat
106 New Zealand 8.1% 2023 up 13.4% rising
107 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 7.9% 2023 unchanged falling
108 Hungary 7.6% 2023 down 15.9% falling
109 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 7.5% 2023 unchanged rising
110 Romania 7.5% 2023 up 24.6% falling
111 Ukraine 7.3% 2023 down 56.1% falling
112 Finland 7.1% 2023 down 16.3% falling
113 Grenada 7.0% 2023 up 3.4% rising
114 Singapore 7.0% 2023 down 94.4% volatile
115 Rwanda 6.5% 2023 down 56.1% falling
116 Switzerland 6.5% 2023 down 0.9% falling
117 Slovenia 6.4% 2023 down 17.9% flat
118 Djibouti 6.3% 2023 unchanged flat
119 Costa Rica 5.9% 2023 up 39.7% volatile
120 Uganda 5.8% 2023 unchanged rising
121 Serbia 5.8% 2023 up 9.4% rising
122 Myanmar 5.8% 2023 unchanged flat
123 Guatemala 5.7% 2023 unchanged volatile
124 Bangladesh 5.7% 2023 unchanged flat
125 Australia and New Zealand 5.6% 2023 down 26.8% falling
126 Côte d'Ivoire 5.1% 2023 down 3.6% falling
126 Côte d'Ivoire 5.1% 2023 down 3.6% falling
128 Mongolia 5.0% 2023 up 44.1% rising
129 Albania 4.8% 2023 down 27.4% falling
130 Lao People's Democratic Republic 4.8% 2023 up 3.2% rising
130 Lao People's Democratic Republic 4.8% 2023 up 3.2% rising
132 Belarus 4.7% 2023 down 5.2% falling
133 Honduras 4.6% 2023 unchanged flat
134 Réunion 4.5% 2023 up 3.5% volatile
134 Réunion 4.5% 2023 up 3.5% volatile
136 Chad 4.3% 2023 unchanged flat
137 Bermuda 4.2% 2023 unchanged falling
138 South Sudan 4.2% 2023 unchanged flat
139 Australia 4.2% 2023 down 45.2% falling
140 Georgia 4.2% 2023 down 39.0% falling
141 Russian Federation 4.2% 2023 up 0.5% falling
141 Russian Federation 4.2% 2023 up 0.5% falling
143 Malawi 4.1% 2023 up 315.2% volatile
144 Luxembourg 4.0% 2023 up 10.9% falling
145 Suriname 4.0% 2023 unchanged falling
146 Canada 3.7% 2023 down 3.1% falling
146 Colombia 3.7% 2023 up 33.3% rising
148 Peru 3.6% 2023 down 24.1% rising
149 Sweden 3.6% 2023 down 0.8% falling
150 Brunei Darussalam 3.5% 2023 unchanged flat
150 Brunei Darussalam 3.5% 2023 unchanged flat
152 Malaysia 3.4% 2023 up 9.2% rising
153 Togo 3.4% 2023 unchanged rising
154 Antigua and Barbuda 3.1% 2023 down 40.2% falling
155 Lesotho 2.6% 2023 unchanged flat
156 Slovakia 2.4% 2023 down 11.3% falling
157 Botswana 2.3% 2023 up 19.0% rising
158 Nicaragua 2.2% 2023 down 11.6% falling
159 Gambia 2.2% 2023 unchanged rising
160 Lithuania 2.2% 2023 down 32.6% volatile
161 Bosnia and Herzegovina 2.1% 2023 down 26.0% falling
162 Norway 2.0% 2023 down 2.4% flat
163 Sao Tome and Principe 1.9% 2023 up 12.6% rising
164 Angola 1.9% 2023 unchanged rising
165 Paraguay 1.8% 2023 unchanged rising
166 Mozambique 1.8% 2023 up 5.4% rising
167 Croatia 1.6% 2023 up 15.0% rising
168 Cameroon 1.6% 2023 unchanged rising
169 Guinea-Bissau 1.5% 2023 unchanged flat
170 Brazil 1.4% 2023 down 51.9% falling
171 Bhutan 1.4% 2023 unchanged flat
172 Guinea 1.4% 2023 up 16.1% rising
173 Burkina Faso 1.3% 2023 up 73.0% volatile
174 Ecuador 1.1% 2023 down 44.1% volatile
175 Cambodia 1.0% 2023 unchanged flat
175 Latvia 1.0% 2023 down 25.2% falling
177 Benin 1.0% 2023 unchanged flat
178 Panama 0.9% 2023 unchanged rising
179 Comoros 0.8% 2023 unchanged flat
180 Fiji 0.6% 2023 up 14.6% rising
181 Gabon 0.5% 2023 unchanged rising
181 Sierra Leone 0.5% 2023 unchanged rising
183 Ghana 0.5% 2023 down 91.8% falling
184 Iceland 0.4% 2023 down 2.5% rising
185 Central African Republic 0.3% 2023 unchanged rising
186 Guyana 0.3% 2023 unchanged volatile
186 Namibia 0.3% 2023 down 44.6% falling
188 Liberia 0.3% 2023 unchanged flat
189 Democratic Republic of the Congo 0.2% 2023 unchanged rising
190 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 0.2% 2023 up 17.6% volatile
191 Equatorial Guinea 0.2% 2023 unchanged rising
191 Melanesia 0.2% 2023 up 5.9% rising
193 Papua New Guinea 0.1% 2023 unchanged rising
194 Belize 0.1% 2023 unchanged falling
195 Congo 0.0% 2023 unchanged flat
196 French Guiana 0.0% 2023 up 100.0% rising

Regions and income groups

Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.

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Level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of by country. Statizoid, drawing on United Nations Statistics Division, SDG Global Database. Retrieved 05 September 2026, from https://environment.statizoid.com/stat/level-of-water-stress-freshwater-withdrawal-as-a-proportion-of-available-freshwater-2/

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About this data

Indicator
Level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources (%)
Unit
%
Source
United Nations Statistics Division, SDG Global Database
Licence
UN SDG Global Database (open, attribution requested)
Coverage
224 places, 5,222 data points, 2000–2023
Last refreshed