Annual freshwater withdrawals by country
Annual freshwater withdrawals refer to total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins, measured in cubic metres (m³) per year. Total water withdrawals are the sum of withdrawals for agriculture, industry and municipal (domestic uses). Withdrawals also include water from desalination...
Countries reporting
178
Highest
647.50 billion billion cubic meters
India
Lowest
4.40 million billion cubic meters
Antigua and Barbuda
Median
2.06 billion billion cubic meters
Years covered
61
1962–2022
Data points
6,284
What the numbers show
Annual freshwater withdrawals is currently reported for 178 countries. The highest value is 647.50 billion billion cubic meters in India; the lowest is 4.40 million billion cubic meters in Antigua and Barbuda.
The median across all reporting countries is 2.06 billion billion cubic meters, and the mean is 21.65 billion billion cubic meters.
Over the past decade 52 countries rose and 51 fell. The largest increase was in North Macedonia (up 243.2%), and the largest decrease in Bolivia (down 83.0%).
Annual freshwater withdrawals: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | India | 647.50 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 2 | China | 568.48 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 5.1% | rising |
| 3 | United States | 444.29 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 3.6% | falling |
| 4 | Indonesia | 222.63 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 14.0% | rising |
| 5 | Pakistan | 179.30 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 4.6% | rising |
| 6 | Iran | 92.95 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 7 | Philippines | 91.04 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 8.1% | rising |
| 8 | Mexico | 89.80 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 8.6% | rising |
| 9 | Vietnam | 81.86 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 10 | Japan | 79.70 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 1.1% | falling |
| 11 | Egypt | 77.50 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 7.2% | rising |
| 12 | Brazil | 67.94 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 2.7% | rising |
| 13 | Russia | 64.82 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 1.3% | falling |
| 14 | Turkey | 64.47 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 27.6% | rising |
| 15 | Thailand | 57.31 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 16 | Uzbekistan | 42.90 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 14.5% | falling |
| 17 | Iraq | 42.42 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 2.9% | rising |
| 18 | Argentina | 37.69 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 19 | Canada | 36.13 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 0.9% | falling |
| 20 | Bangladesh | 35.87 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 21 | Chile | 35.37 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 22 | Italy | 33.78 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 0.4% | falling |
| 23 | Myanmar | 33.23 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 24 | South Korea | 29.20 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 25 | Spain | 29.02 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 20.2% | falling |
| 26 | Sudan | 26.93 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 27 | Turkmenistan | 26.25 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 6.3% | rising |
| 28 | Peru | 25.92 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 12.4% | rising |
| 29 | Germany | 25.79 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 23.3% | falling |
| 30 | Kazakhstan | 24.97 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 10.5% | falling |
| 31 | France | 24.43 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 13.0% | falling |
| 32 | Colombia | 24.26 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 37.0% | rising |
| 33 | Saudi Arabia | 23.38 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 8.2% | rising |
| 34 | Venezuela | 22.62 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | volatile |
| 35 | South Africa | 21.11 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 38.1% | rising |
| 36 | Afghanistan | 20.28 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 37 | Syria | 13.96 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 38 | Madagascar | 13.46 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | falling |
| 39 | Azerbaijan | 13.03 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 8.8% | falling |
| 40 | Sri Lanka | 12.95 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 41 | Nigeria | 12.47 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 42 | Australia | 11.62 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 26.8% | falling |
| 43 | Tajikistan | 10.60 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 0.7% | falling |
| 44 | Morocco | 10.57 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 45 | Ethiopia | 10.55 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 10.2% | rising |
| 46 | Algeria | 10.29 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 31.9% | rising |
| 47 | Greece | 10.05 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 1.1% | rising |
| 48 | Ecuador | 9.92 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 49 | New Zealand | 9.88 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 31.0% | volatile |
| 50 | Nepal | 9.50 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 51 | Poland | 9.38 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 18.2% | falling |
| 52 | North Korea | 8.66 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 53 | United Kingdom | 8.42 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 5.0% | falling |
| 54 | Netherlands | 8.23 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 23.2% | rising |
| 55 | Romania | 8.15 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 25.7% | falling |
| 56 | Kyrgyzstan | 7.71 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | falling |
| 57 | Laos | 7.35 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 10.3% | rising |
| 58 | Dominican Republic | 7.14 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 59 | Cuba | 6.96 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 4.7% | rising |
| 60 | Malaysia | 6.71 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 9.8% | falling |
| 61 | Portugal | 6.13 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 30.4% | falling |
| 62 | Libya | 5.72 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 63 | Bulgaria | 5.44 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 4.7% | falling |
| 64 | Mali | 5.19 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 65 | Tanzania | 5.18 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 66 | Serbia | 5.09 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 15.6% | rising |
| 67 | Zimbabwe | 4.91 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 41.9% | rising |
| 68 | Ukraine | 4.86 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 62.2% | falling |
| 69 | Hungary | 4.69 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 7.1% | rising |
| 70 | Uruguay | 4.51 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 10.6% | rising |
| 71 | Belgium | 4.30 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 18.9% | falling |
| 72 | Kenya | 4.03 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 25.3% | rising |
| 73 | Tunisia | 3.86 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 16.4% | rising |
| 74 | Yemen | 3.56 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 75 | Costa Rica | 3.45 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 47.4% | rising |
| 76 | Guatemala | 3.32 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 77 | Somalia | 3.30 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 78 | Austria | 3.14 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 8.0% | falling |
| 79 | Armenia | 3.07 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 4.5% | rising |
| 80 | Senegal | 3.06 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 28.0% | rising |
| 81 | Finland | 3.00 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 25.1% | rising |
| 82 | Norway | 2.69 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 1.6% | rising |
| 83 | Niger | 2.58 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 85.3% | volatile |
| 84 | Sweden | 2.48 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 3.1% | falling |
| 85 | Paraguay | 2.41 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | volatile |
| 86 | United Arab Emirates | 2.26 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 13.6% | rising |
| 87 | Montenegro | 2.21 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 148.2% | volatile |
| 88 | Cambodia | 2.18 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 89 | North Macedonia | 2.17 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 243.2% | rising |
| 90 | El Salvador | 1.94 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 5.2% | rising |
| 91 | Lebanon | 1.81 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 13.4% | rising |
| 92 | Switzerland | 1.70 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 14.8% | falling |
| 94 | Oman | 1.63 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 2.8% | rising |
| 95 | Honduras | 1.61 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 96 | Zambia | 1.57 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | falling |
| 97 | Israel | 1.53 billion billion cubic meters | 2021 | up 17.6% | falling |
| 98 | Mozambique | 1.47 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 8.5% | rising |
| 99 | Haiti | 1.45 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 100 | Ghana | 1.45 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 10.1% | rising |
| 101 | Czechia | 1.45 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 21.5% | falling |
| 102 | Guyana | 1.44 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | falling |
| 103 | Belarus | 1.41 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 7.3% | falling |
| 104 | Malawi | 1.36 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 105 | Mauritania | 1.35 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 106 | Jamaica | 1.34 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 10.1% | rising |
| 107 | Georgia | 1.29 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 24.2% | falling |
| 108 | Nicaragua | 1.27 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 13.3% | falling |
| 109 | Panama | 1.21 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 4.8% | rising |
| 110 | Estonia | 1.21 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 26.1% | falling |
| 111 | East Timor | 1.17 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 112 | Cote d'Ivoire | 1.16 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 6.9% | rising |
| 113 | Cameroon | 1.09 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 114 | Eswatini | 1.07 billion billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 115 | Jordan | 949.87 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 11.9% | rising |
| 116 | Denmark | 934.35 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 28.3% | falling |
| 117 | Guinea | 890.00 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 19.6% | rising |
| 118 | Chad | 879.60 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 119 | Puerto Rico | 875.00 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 8.9% | rising |
| 120 | Moldova | 846.00 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 0.5% | falling |
| 121 | Slovenia | 827.00 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 10.9% | flat |
| 122 | Burkina Faso | 818.00 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 123 | Albania | 797.00 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 29.1% | falling |
| 124 | Kuwait | 770.10 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 24.5% | rising |
| 125 | Angola | 705.70 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 126 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 683.60 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 127 | Croatia | 679.00 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 4.0% | rising |
| 128 | South Sudan | 658.00 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 129 | Uganda | 637.00 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 130 | Mauritius | 632.00 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 8.6% | rising |
| 131 | Suriname | 615.90 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 132 | Rwanda | 610.00 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 43.2% | rising |
| 133 | Eritrea | 582.00 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 134 | Slovakia | 563.62 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 15.3% | falling |
| 135 | Mongolia | 462.40 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 5.7% | flat |
| 136 | Papua New Guinea | 392.10 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 137 | Bolivia | 360.09 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 83.0% | flat |
| 138 | Bhutan | 337.90 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 139 | Trinidad and Tobago | 336.20 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 140 | Palestine | 334.80 million billion cubic meters | 2021 | up 25.4% | falling |
| 141 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 312.04 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 28.7% | falling |
| 142 | Lithuania | 300.36 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 44.0% | volatile |
| 143 | Iceland | 290.00 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 1.4% | rising |
| 144 | Burundi | 280.10 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 145 | Qatar | 250.00 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 1.6% | rising |
| 146 | Cyprus | 223.00 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 12.7% | rising |
| 146 | Togo | 223.00 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 148 | Botswana | 213.26 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 9.7% | rising |
| 149 | Sierra Leone | 212.20 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 150 | Singapore | 199.53 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 79.2% | volatile |
| 151 | Cape Verde | 179.05 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 97.8% | volatile |
| 152 | Guinea-Bissau | 175.00 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 153 | Latvia | 172.33 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 30.6% | falling |
| 154 | Bahrain | 155.10 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 18.3% | falling |
| 155 | Liberia | 145.90 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 156 | Gabon | 139.10 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 157 | Benin | 130.00 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 158 | Namibia | 102.96 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 46.2% | falling |
| 159 | Gambia | 101.60 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 160 | Belize | 101.00 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 161 | Brunei | 92.00 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 162 | Fiji | 84.90 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 163 | Central African Republic | 72.50 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 164 | Barbados | 70.00 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 166 | Congo | 46.00 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 167 | Lesotho | 43.80 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | falling |
| 168 | Saint Lucia | 42.90 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 169 | Sao Tome and Principe | 40.90 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 16.8% | rising |
| 171 | Dominica | 20.00 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 172 | Equatorial Guinea | 19.80 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 173 | Djibouti | 19.00 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 174 | Grenada | 14.10 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 6.9% | rising |
| 175 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 12.20 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 176 | Seychelles | 11.29 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 177 | Comoros | 10.00 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 178 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 7.90 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 2.5% | falling |
| 179 | Monaco | 5.00 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | falling |
| 180 | Maldives | 4.70 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 181 | Antigua and Barbuda | 4.40 million billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
About this data
Annual freshwater withdrawals refer to total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins, measured in cubic metres (m³) per year. Total water withdrawals are the sum of withdrawals for agriculture, industry and municipal (domestic uses). Withdrawals also include water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source.